Transgenic Ornamental Crops - Transgenic Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Opportunities - page 57

TABLE 3.1
Genetically Engineered Ornamental Plants with Modiied Flower Color

Genetic
Modiication

Transgenic
Phenotype Plant Initial Flower Color References

Petunia .x. hybrida Pale.pink 35S:: ZmDFR Red [19]

Purple Antisense. CHS White,.white-

purple.patterning

[148]

Purple Sense. CHS White,.white-

purple.patterning

[6,7]

White 35S:: MtCHR Pale.yellow [12]

Purple Pale.purple

Dianthus
caryophyllus

Pink Sense. CHS Pale.pink [149]

Red-orange Antisense. F3H White [58]

Blue [16]

White PhF3 ′ 5 ′ H .and. DFR

Dendrathema
grandilora

Pink

Sense. CHS
Antisense. CHS

Pink,.white,.light.
pink

[10]

Eustoma
grandilorum

Purple Antisense. CHS White,.white-

purple.patterning

[8]

Rosa hybrida Red Sense. CHS Pale.pink [149]

Pink,.mauve 35S:: VwF3 ′ 5 ′ H Bluish.lowers [150]

Mauve RNAi.DFR,.

35S:: IhDFR ,.
35S:: VwF3 ′ 5 ′ H

Plants.with.all.
three.genes.have.
bluish.lowers

[150]

Gerbera hybrida Red Antisense. CHS ,. DFR Pink [9]

Lotus japonicus Pale.yellow 35S:: crtW Bright.yellow,.

bright.orange

[29]

Torenia hybrida Purple-blue Sense. CHS White [151]

Purple-blue Sense. DFR White.patterning [151]

Purple-blue Pink [151]

Sense. F3 ′ 5 ′ H

Purple-blue Dark.pink [152]

Sense. F3 ′ 5 ′ H

35S::. F3 ′ H

Purple-blue Coexpression.of.

Am4 ′ CGT + AmAS1 .
and.RNAi. DFR

Yellow.lowers [14]

Chalcones and Aurones
Chalcone.synthesis.is.the.irst.committed.step.in.lavonoid.synthesis..The.chalcones.
serve. as. the. substrates. for. anthocyanin. and,. in. some. plant. species,. aurone. synthe-
sis..The.irst.committed.step.in.lavonoid.synthesis.is.catalyzed.by.chalcone.synthase.
(CHS),. which. produces. tetrahydroxychalcone. (THC). from. p -coumaroyl. CoA. and.
three. molecules. of. malonyl-CoA. (reviewed. in. Grotewold 4 ).. Silencing. CHS . expres-
sion. through. antisense. or. cosuppression. techniques. leads. to. white. or. complex. col-
oration.patterns.in.many.plant.species.including.petunia, 6,7 .lisianthus, 8 .gerbera, 9 .and.
chrysanthemums. 10 .THC.has.a.pale.yellow.color,.but.does.not.accumulate.in.plants..