Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
16
Genetic Engineering of
Grapevine and Progress
toward Commercial
Deployment
Dennis J. Gray, Sadanand A. Dhekney,
Zhijian T. Li, and John M. Cordts
CONTENTS
Introduction............................................................................................................ 318
Grape.Genetic.Transformation............................................................................... 318
Culture.Systems................................................................................................. 319
Methods.of.Gene.Insertion................................................................................ 319
Marker.Genes..................................................................................................... 319
Functional.Genes............................................................................................... 319
Field.Tests.......................................................................................................... 320
Issues.Related.to.Commercialization.of.Transgenic.Grapevines........................... 322
Native.Species.and.Gene.Flow.......................................................................... 322
Grape.Speciation.and.Range......................................................................... 322
Potential.for.Environmental.Risk.................................................................. 322
Potential.Impacts.of.Transgene.Flow.in.Grapevine........................................... 323
Potential.for.Transgene.Pollen.Flow.into.Non-GE.Vineyards...................... 323
Potential.for.Contamination.of.Commercial.Vineyards.via.Seed................. 324
Potential.for.Transgene.Movement.into.Native.
Vitis
.Populations................ 324
Mitigating.Environmental.Risks.via.Cisgenics.Engineering............................. 324
Endogenous.Genes........................................................................................ 324
Marker-Free.Plants........................................................................................ 326
Rootstocks..................................................................................................... 327
Conclusion.............................................................................................................. 327
References.............................................................................................................. 327
317
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