Transgenic Fruit and Nut Tree Crops Review - Transgenic Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Opportunities - page 15

crops,. the. modiication. of. output. traits. necessarily. involves. characteristics. mani-
fested.in.fruit.or.seed.tissue..Because.most.fruit.and.nut.tree.crops.have.an.extended.
juvenile.period,.initial.characterization.of.modiied.output.traits.in.transgenic.trees.
often.cannot.occur.until.5-10.years.after.the.initial.transformation..Thus,.with.some.
notable.exceptions,.most.work.outlining.the.genetic.modiication.of.output.traits.in.
fruit.and.nut.tree.crops.is.preliminary,.with.many.transgenic.lines.currently.described.
only.in.USDA.ield.trial.listings.(Table.1.1)..Below,.we.discuss.current.progress.in.
the.modiication.of.ripening,.the.improvement.of.fruit.quality.and.nutritive.value,.the.
removal.of.undesirable.phytochemicals,.and.antigen.production.in.transgenic.fruit.
and.nut.tree.crops.

TABLE 1.1
U.S. Field Trials of Transgenic Fruit and Nut Tree Crops
with Enhanced Output Traits

Related
Publication

Crop Trait Gene Institution(s)

Apple Reduced.postharvest.

browning

Polyphenol.oxidase.
(antisense)

Cornell.Univ.;.
Okanagan.
Specialty.Fruits,.
Inc.

Murata.
et.al. 198,199

Delayed.ripening ACC.synthase.

(antisense);.ACC.
oxidase.(antisense)

Cornell.Univ.;.
UC Davis;.
UC Berkeley

Dandekar.
et al. 187

Delayed.ripening SAM.transferase Excelcis;.Agritope —

Altered.sugar.proile Sorbitol-6-phosphate.

dehydrogenase.
(antisense)

UC.Davis;.Cornell.
Univ.;.Oregon.
State.Univ.

Teo.et.al. 195

Coffee Delayed.ripening ACC.oxidase.

(antisense)

Univ..of.Hawaii —

Reduced.caffeine Xanthosine.

methyltransferase.
(antisense)

Univ..of.Hawaii Ogita.

et.al. 201

Grapefruit Altered.carotenoid.

proile

Chalcone.synthase,.
chalcone.isomerase,.
rhamnosyl.transferase

Univ..of.Hawaii Costa.

et.al. 193

Papaya Delayed.ripening ACC.synthase.

(antisense)

Univ..of.Hawaii —

Pear Delayed.ripening SAM.transferase Excelcis;.Agritope Gao.et.al. 191

Persimmon Delayed.softening Polygalacturonase.

inhibitor.protein

UC.Davis —

Pineapple Delayed.ripening ACC.synthase.

(antisense)

Univ..of.Hawaii Botella.

et.al. 188

Increased.sweetness Mabinlin Univ..of.Hawaii —

Plum Delayed.ripening ACC.oxidase.

(antisense)

United.States.Dept..
of.Agriculture

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