Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
13
Virus-Resistant
Transgenic Horticultural
Crops: Safety Issues
and Lessons from Risk
Assessment Studies
Jonathan E. Oliver, Paula F. Tennant,
and Marc Fuchs
CONTENTS
Introduction............................................................................................................264
Pathogen-Derived.Resistance.and.Engineered.Resistance.to.Viruses.in.Plants... 265
RNA.Silencing.and.Engineered.Resistance.to.Viruses.in.Plants....................... 265
Safety.Issues.and.Risks........................................................................................... 266
Transencapsidation............................................................................................ 266
Recombination................................................................................................... 267
Gene.Flow.to.Free-Living.Relatives.................................................................. 268
Effects.on.Nontarget.Organisms........................................................................ 268
Allergenicity.and.Human.Health.Effects........................................................... 269
Durability.and.Speciicity.of.Engineered.Resistance.to.Viruses.in.Plants......... 270
Breakdown.of.Engineered.Virus.Resistance................................................. 270
Speciicity.of.Engineered.Virus.Resistance.................................................. 271
Examination.of.Risks.Associated.with.Commercialized.Transgenic.
Horticultural.Crops................................................................................................. 271
Squash.Resistant.to.
Cucumber Mosaic Virus
,.
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic
Virus
,.and.
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ................................................................
272
Background................................................................................................... 272
Risk.Studies.................................................................................................. 272
Papaya.Resistant.to.
Papaya Ringspot Virus ......................................................
273
Background................................................................................................... 273
Risk.Studies.................................................................................................. 274
Tomato.and.Sweet.Pepper.Resistant.to.
Cucumber Mosaic Virus......................
275
Background................................................................................................... 275
Risk.Studies.................................................................................................. 276
263
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