Intellectual Property and Development of Transgenic Horticultural Crops - Transgenic Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Opportunities - page 221

TABLE 10.1
Overview of IP Protection Systems

Means of
Protection

What Can Be
Protected

How to
Protect Term of Protection Rights of the Owner

Utility.
patent

Any.useful,.novel,.
and.nonobvious.
invention

USPTO If.iling.date.is.after.

June.8,.1995,.
20 years.from.illing.
date;.if.iling.date.is.
before.June.8,.1995,.
17.years.from.issue

Right.to.exclude.
others.from.making,.
using,.
manufacturing,.
selling,.and.offering.
to.sell

U.S..plant.
patent

Asexually.
produced.plants.
(excludes.
uncultivated.and.
tuber.propagated.
plants)

USPTO If.iling.date.is.after.

June.8,.1995,.
20 years.from.illing.
date;.if.iling.date.is.
before.June.8,.1995,.
17.years.from.issue.
date

Right.to.exclude.
others.from.asexually.
reproducing,.selling,.
or.using.claimed.
plant

U.S..PVP Sexually.produced.

plants.(excludes.
irst.generation.
hybrids,.
uncultivated.
plants)

USDA 20.years.most.crops;.

25.years.trees,.vines

Right.to.exclude.
others.from.
importing.or.selling,.
sexually.or.asexually.
reproducing,.
distributing.without.
proper.notice,.
producing.a.hybrid.
or.new.variety,.and.
using.the.claimed.
patent

UPOV91 All.genera.and.

species

UPOV 20.years.most.crops;.

25.years.trees,.
shrubs,.and.vines

Prevents.others.from.
producing.or.
reproducing,.
conditioning.for.the.
purpose.if.
propagation,.offering.
for.sale,.selling.or.
other.marketing,.
importing,.exporting,.
and.stocking.for.any.
purposes

Trademarks Words,.phrases,.

and.logos.that.
can.distinguish.
the.goods.and.
services.from.
those.of.others

Use.or.have.a.
bona.ide.
intent.to.use.
and.apply.
for.a.federal.
registration

Unlimited.duration.as.
long.as.the.mark.is.in.
use;.the.mark.has.to.
be.renewed.every.
10th.year

Right.to.exclude.
others.from.using.the.
mark.and.other.
marks.so.similar.they.
cause.confusion

( continued )