Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
citrange.rootstock.expressing.a.GA20.oxidase.gene.from.citrange.in.antisense.orien-
tation.was.planted..The.notiiers.are.investigating.the.effect.of.GM.rootstock.plants.
on.nontransgenic.scions..The.main.question.is.whether.the.roostock.confers.compact.
size.to.the.non-GM.scion.without.negative.effects.on.yield.and.fruit.quality.
In.2008,.IVIA.submitted.ive.additional.summary.notiications.for.the.release.of.
GM.citrus.plants..These.ield.trials.will.be.performed.in.a.1.ha.area.at.the.experi-
mental.ields.of.IVIA.in.the.STA.of.Villareal.(Castellón,.Spain).with.a.total.of.more.
than. 800. plants.. The. irst. notiication. (B/ES/08/02). was. submitted. for. a. ield. trial.
with.GM.sweet.orange.plants.of.the.cultivar.'Navelina'.expressing.a.limonene.syn-
thase. gene. from. citrus. in. sense. and. antisense. orientation.. The. GM. plants. will. be.
tested.for.the.effect.of.the.altered.endogenous.content.of.limonene.on.fruit.aroma,.
on. phenological. and. morphological. characteristics. of. the. transgenic. trees,. and. on.
possible. new. interactions. of. transgenic. fruits. with. herbivore. insects,. as. Ceratitis
capitata ,. and. predators. of. herbivores.. Furthermore,. a. new. ield. trial. (notiication.
number.B/ES/08/03).for.GM.citrange.plants.expressing.a.GA20.oxidase.gene.from.
citrange.in.antisense.orientation.was.initiated..This.ield.trial.has.the.same.goals.as.
the.second.(notiication.number.B/ES/06/43).described.above..Another.notiication.
(B/ES/08/04).was.submitted.for.GM.sweet.orange.plants.of.the.cultivar.'Pineapple'..
The.GM.plants.overexpress.the. PR P23 .gene.of.tomato..The. PR P23 .gene.encodes.
for.an.osmotin-like.protein,.which.led.to.a.higher.tolerance.to. Phytophthora citroph-
thora .. The. last. two. ield. trials. (notiication. numbers. B/ES/08/05. and. B/ES/08/21).
were.initiated.for.sweet.orange.and.citrange.plants.overexpressing.the.lowering.genes.
apetala1 .(AP1),. suppressor of overexpression of constans 1 .(SOC1),.and. lowering
locus t . (FT).. The. plants. will. be. evaluated. for. early. lowering,. as. shown. for. AP1 .
plants.in.Figure.5.2,.and.for.effects.on.tree.growth,.lower.and.fruit.development,.and.
fruit.quality.characteristics..The.notiiers.are.currently.planting.the.ive.notiied.new.
ield.trials.(Leandro.Pena,.personal.communication).
In.Italy,.one.summary.notiication.has.been.submitted.for.GM.lemon.plants.of.the.
commercial.cultivar.'Femminello.siracusano'.(B/IT/04/03)..This.notiication.is.still.
in.progress. 25 .The.GM.lemon.plants.were.transformed.with.the. chit42 .gene.(encod-
ing. for. an. endochitinase). of. the. microparasite. Trichoderma harzianum . CECT  2413..
The transgenic.clones.overexpressing.the. chit42 .gene.showed.an.increased.resistance.
to.the.phytopathogenic.fungi. Phoma tracheiphila .and. Botrytis cinerea . 25 .This.proj-
ect.is.promising.because.the.cultivar.'Femminello.siracusano'.is.the.most.important.
lemon. cultivar. in. Italy,. and. the. transgenic. clones. could. theoretically. be. cultivated.
after.the.ield.evaluation..However,.whether.GM.lemon.plants.will.be.cultivated.in.
Europe.within.the.next.few.years.or.not.cannot.be.stated.at.the.moment.due.to.strict.
GMO.regulations.and.low.consumer.acceptance.
c herry
There.are.three.summary.notiications.for.the.release.of.GM.cherries.in.Italy.(Table.
5.2).. The. GM. plants. of. the. cherry. rootstock. 'Colt'. carrying. the. transferred. DNA.
(T-DNA).of. Agrobacterium rhizogenes .were.planted.in.1999. 26 .The.aim.of.this.study.
was.to.improve.the.rooting.ability.of.the.rootstock..However,.GM.cherries.are.still.
quite.a.long.way.from.commercial.use.in.Europe.
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