Transgenic Fruit Crops in Europe - Transgenic Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Opportunities - page 129

TABLE 5.2 (continued)
Summary Notiications for the Deliberate Release of GM Fruit
Crops in Europe

Leading
Countries

Notiication
Number

Species Species/Cultivar Improved Trait

Raspberry IT B/IT/99/25 R. idaeus Fruit.ripening

Strawberry IT B/IT/98/32 F ..×. ananassa Fungal.resistance

IT B/IT/98/33 F ..×. ananassa Root.formation

IT B/IT/99/23 F ..×. ananassa Development

IT B/IT/99/24 F. vesca Fruit.ripening

IT B/IT/02/11 F ..×. ananassa Parthenocarpic.

fruits

SP B/ES/98/06 Fresa Fruit.development,.

fruit.quality

SP B/ES/98/10 Andalucía Pollen.low,.

out-crossing

GB B/GB/95/R23/2 F. virginiana .×. chiloensis Insect.resistance

Sweet.
orange

SP B/ES/96/15 Orange.cv..'Pineapple',.

lime cv..'Mexicana',.
citrange.cv..'Carrizo'

Pollen.low,.
transgene.stability

SP B/ES/08/02 Navelina Modiied.fruit.

aroma

SP B/ES/08/04 Pineapple Resistance.to.

Phytophthora

SP B/ES/08/05 Pineapple Flowering.time

Note: . NL—the.Netherlands,.BE—Belgium,.SW—Sweden,.DE—Germany,.IT—Italy,.FR—France,.
CZ—Czech.Republic,.RO—Romania,.PL—Poland,.SP—Spain,.GB—United.Kingdom.

was.decided.to.try.to.obtain.the.permit.for.a.ield.trial.in.Belgium..The.government.
bodies.and.advisory.boards.to.the.Belgian.king.advised.in.favor.of.approving.the.
permit,.but.the.Flemish.Minister.for.the.Environment.used.its.veto.right.to.refuse.
the. trial.. Subsequently,. the. scientists. went. back. to. the. Netherlands. submitting. a.
modiied. version. of. the. notiication,. and. after. a. change. of. government. the. new.
minister.granted.the.permit..The.ield.trial.(notiication.number.B/NL/02/03).was.
planted.in.2003,.but.the.permit.was.challenged.by.Greenpeace.and.revoked,.and,.
subsequently,.a.temporary.permit.was.issued.by.the.minister..This.permit.was.later.
replaced.by.a.new.permit.(B/NL/04/02)..The.new.permit.was.challenged.again,.but.
remained.in.force.and.was.conirmed.by.the.High.Court.in.2005..This.ield.trial.was.
performed.with.GM.plants.of.the.apple.cultivars.'Gala'.and.'Elstar'.overexpress-
ing.the. hth .gene.of.barley..The. hth .gene.encodes.for.a.type.1.alpha-hordothionin.
and.the.GM.plants.were.tested.in.the.ield.(Figure.5.1).for.their.resistance.to.apple.
scab. ( Venturia inaequalis ),. powdery. mildew. ( Podosphaera leucotricha ),. and. ire.
blight.( Erwinia amylovora )..This.ield.trial.ended.in.2008.(Frans.Krens,.personal.
communication).