Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
5
Transgenic Fruit
Crops in Europe
Henryk Flachowsky and Magda-Viola Hanke
CONTENTS
Importance.of.Fruit.Crops.in.Europe...................................................................... 125
Field.Trials.with.GM.Fruit.Crops.in.Europe.......................................................... 127
Apple.................................................................................................................. 127
Citrus.................................................................................................................. 131
Cherry................................................................................................................ 132
Grapevine........................................................................................................... 133
Kiwifruit............................................................................................................ 134
Pear.................................................................................................................... 135
Plum................................................................................................................... 135
Raspberry........................................................................................................... 136
Strawberry.......................................................................................................... 137
Focus.of.Research.on.GM.Fruit.Crops.in.Europe.................................................. 137
Improvement.of.Agronomically.Important.Traits.............................................. 137
Use.of.Early.Flowering.GM.Plants.to.Accelerate.Breeding.Cycles.................. 137
Development.of.a.Rapid.Assay.for.Gene.Function.Analysis............................. 138
Development.of.New.Systems.for.GM.Fruit.Crop.Production......................... 139
References.............................................................................................................. 142
IMPORTANCE OF FRUIT CROPS IN EUROPE
The.popular.adage.“an.apple.a.day.keeps.the.doctor.away”.is.only.one.example.that.
illustrates.the.importance.of.fruits.for.human's.diet..A.grain.of.truth.is.behind.the.adage.
because.it.is.a.matter.of.common.knowledge.that.a.diet.rich.in.fruits.and.vegetables.and.
low.in.saturated.fats.protects.against.a.number.of.diseases,.such.as.cardiovascular.dis-
eases.and.certain.cancers.
1-3
.The.World.Health.Organization.(WHO).therefore.recom-
mends.an.intake.of.more.than.400.g.of.vegetables.and.fruits.per.capita.per.day.(http://
faostat.fao.org)..The.mean.daily.consumption.of.one.person.in.Europe.is.561.g.of.fruits.
and.vegetables,.which.is.more.than.recommended.(http://faostat.fao.org)..However,.the.
daily.intake.ranges.from.about.350.g.in.Slowakia.to.more.than.1100.g.in.Greece..In.
southern. Europe.(Greece,. Italy,.Portugal,.Albania,.and.Spain),.more.fruits.and. veg-
etables.are.consumed.(∼700-1100.g.per.capita.per.day).than.in.middle.and.northern.
countries.(Finland,.Iceland,.Belarus,.Latvia,.Ukraine,.the.Czech.Republic,.Poland,.and.
the.Russian.Federation).with.about.400-450.g.per.person.per.day.
125
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