Electrocatalysis for Fuel Cells at Enzyme-Modified Electrodes - Fuel Cell Catalysis: A Surface Science Approach - page 599

Figure 17.6 Redox hydrogel approach to immobilizing multiple layers of a redox enzyme on
an electrode. (a) Structure of the polymer. (b) Voltammograms for electrocatalytic O 2 reduction
by a carbon fiber electrode modified with laccase in the redox hydrogel shown in (a) (long tether)
or a version with no spacer atoms in the tether between the backbone and the Os center (short
tether). Reprinted with permission from Soukharev et al., 2004. Copyright (2004) American
Chemical Society.
the acrylamide lending additional solubility to the polymer and lowering the net
charge density.
A major advantage of redox polymers is their ability to form hydrated films with
very high mediator concentration so that there is good electronic contact between
the redox polymer and a large number of trapped enzyme molecules, regardless of