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Figure 2.2 Upper: Profiles of temperature and ozone mixing ratio at the top of a
cloud-capped convective boundary layer. z is measured from the mean top. From
Lenschow et al . ( 1988 ). Lower: Airborne-lidar measurements of aerosol concen-
tration in a vertical plane of a clear convective boundary layer. The instantaneous
top is quite thin and variable in space. Courtesy C. Kiemle, DLR Germany, and
J. Grabon, Penn State.
time it has been traditional to separate a turbulent flow variable a( x ,t) into mean
and fluctuating parts distinguished by the overbar and prime:
a ( x ,t).
a( x ,t)
=
a( x ,t)
+
(2.1)
The prime can make this notation cumbersome, so we shall use instead the notation
of Tennekes and Lumley ( 1972 ), denoting the “full” turbulent flow variable with
 
 
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