Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 13.5 Left: The jpd of vertical velocity
w
and temperature
θ
measured by
Deardorff and Willis
(
1985
) near the top of a convection tank. Right: The jpd of
top-down scalar
c
t
and
w
calculated through LES by
Wyngaard and Moeng
(
1992
)
for the same region in a CBL, scaled in the same way for comparison. The jpds
are normalized so the integral over this plane is 1.0. From
Wyngaard and Moeng
(
1992
).
Figure 13.6 As in
Figure 13.5
but for measurements near the bottom of the
convection tank and for the bottom-up scalar
c
b
.From
Wyngaard and Moeng
(
1992
).
Since
β
determines all the
w
and
c
moments, e.g.,
w
2
βdw
dc
=
w
2
,
c
2
βdw
dc
=
c
2
,
(13.33)
Wyngaard andMoengwere able to extract from these results some of the differences
between top-down and bottom-up diffusion in convective turbulence
(Chapter 11)
.
For example,
