Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
similar to those of Geraniaceae (Link, 1994b), in which the family was pre-
viously included. In
Burseraceae
, there is a prominent, commonly annular,
intrastaminal nectary (Cronquist, 1981; Sunnichan et al., 2005).
Kirkiaceae
is reported to have intrastaminal receptacular nectaries (Cronquist, 1981),
but no anatomical or biological studies are available to support this assump-
tion. In
Meliaceae
, there is usually an annular intrastaminal nectary, some-
times developed into an androgynophore (Brown, 1938: Cronquist, 1981;
Lal, 1994; Moscheta et al., 2002).
Nitrariaceae
also has an intrastaminal
nectary, fragmented into five glands (Decraene & Smets, 1991c). In
Ruta-
ceae
, the nectary is intrastaminal, completely surrounding the ovary base,
and it may be unilateral, modified into a nectariferous gynophore, or absent
(Rachmilevitz & Fahn, 1973; Fahn, 1979; Cronquist, 1981; Souza et al.,
2002; Caris et al., 2006); non-secretory septal cavities were found in
Cneorum
(Caris et al., 2006). In
Sapindaceae
, extrastaminal annular recep-
tacular nectaries are widespread between the perianth and the stamens
(Cronquist, 1981; Decraene et al., 2000a; Cui et al., 2003), and non-secretory
septal slits were found in
Koelreuteria
(Decraene et al., 2000a). A well-
developed intrastaminal nectary is common in
Simaroubaceae
(Cronquist,
1981).
Ailanthus glandulosa
has a special nectary with two zones: the in-
trastaminal apical part and the basal part located in front of the sepals (Bory
& Clair-Maczulajtys, 1982).
3.8.12
Asterids
The trend in the Asterids is towards gynoecial nectaries, either on top of infe-
rior ovaries or at the base of superior ones; in exceptional cases, nectaries are
located in the calyx whorl.
Cornales.
The aquatic submerged wind-pollinated herbs in
Hydrostachya-
ceae
do not have nectaries (Erbar & Leins, 2004), but the remaining families
usually have epigynous nectaries.
Cornaceae
(including Nyssaceae) has in-
ferior ovaries and well-developed nectaries on the top of the ovary around
the style, except in
Davidia
(Eyde, 1968, 1988; Cronquist, 1981; Batra, 1999).
For
Grubbiaceae
, Cronquist (1981) indicates a nectary atop the pubescent
ovary, although no histological studies were done, a situation that holds for
Curtisiaceae
as well (Kubitzki, 2004). In
Hydrangeaceae
, the nectaries are
located on the top of the inferior ovary (Bensel & Palser, 1975c; Cronquist,
1981; Hufford, 2001). Floral morphology in
Loasaceae
is particularly com-
plex, with nectariferous floral scales composed of fused staminodia (Brown
& Kaul, 1981; Smets, 1988; Hufford, 1990; Weigend & Gottschling, 2006)
that are common in Loasoideae (Weigend, 2004). The formation of gynoe-
cial nectaries on the domes of inferior ovaries is also frequent (Brown &
