Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Dioscoreales.
The existence of septal nectaries in
Burmanniaceae
,
Dio-
scoreaceae
, and
Nartheciaceae
appears to be of limited systematic
importance, since they are mostly present, but are also lacking in the same
group (Daumann, 1970; Smets et al., 2000; Caddick et al., 2002; Rudall, 2002;
Remizowa et al., 2006). The frequent loss of septal nectaries in this order was
suggested to be related to certain modes of pollinator attraction, such as flo-
ral deceit (Smets et al., 2000).
Liliales.
The absence of septal nectaries, i.e., complete fusion of carpel mar-
gins, represents a highly consistent and usefully predictive synapomorphy
for this order (Rudall et al., 2000; Rudall, 2002). At the same time, while
tepal nectaries are relatively rare in monocots, they are frequent in Liliales
(Brown, 1938) where they have been reported for
Alstroemeriaceae
(Daumann, 1970),
Campynemataceae
(Rudall & Eastman, 2002),
Colchica-
ceae
(Daumann, 1970; Nordenstam, 1998),
Corsiaceae
(Rudall & Eastman,
2002),
Liliaceae
(Daumann, 1970; Nordenstam, 1982; Kaniki & Persson,
1997; Rudall et al., 2000),
Luzuriagaceae
(Conran & Clifford, 1998a),
Melanthiaceae
(Tamura, 1998),
Philesiaceae
(Conran & Clifford, 1998b),
Rhipogonaceae
(Conran, 1998), and
Smilacaceae
(Conran, 1998). These
tepal nectaries represent a synapomorphy linked with the presence of mainly
three-traced tepals (Rudall et al., 2000; Smets et al., 2000). Tepal nectaries
take various forms in this order: relatively undifferentiated secretory epider-
mises; small, depressed areas fringed with hairs; or bulbous spur-like sacs
(Khaniki & Persson, 1997; Rudall et al., 2000).
Pandanales.
Cyclanthaceae
,
Pandanaceae
, and
Stemonaceae
lack nectar-
ies (Caddick et al., 2002); Cyclanthaceae is mainly cantharophilous
(Gottsberger, 1991), and Pandanaceae either wind-pollinated or insect-
pollinated but devoid of nectar. Pollen or food bodies are the offered rewards
(Cox, 1990). On the other hand,
Velloziaceae
is reported to have septal nec-
taries (Menezes, 1973) and
Triuridaceae
taxa often have the inner side of
the tepals covered with papillae, trichomes, or a raised glandular tissue along
the midrib (Maas-van der Kamer & Weustenfeld, 1998) that may be inter-
preted as tepal nectaries.
3.8.5
Commelinids
Dasypogonaceae.
Members of this family have septal nectaries (Rudall,
2002), although they may be absent or reduced to gynopleural slits (Smets
et al., 2000).
