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Table 2. Histochemical techniques used for nectaries. bf = bright field; UV = ultraviolet light.
Specificity
Stain—optics
Cell components
stained
Reference
General stains
toluidine blue O
(TBO)—bf
cell walls, nucleus,
cytoplasm
Beardsell et al., 1989; Link,
1991; O'Brien et al., 1996;
Maldonado & Otegui, 1997;
Stpiczyńska et al., 2005a
acid fuchsin—bf
nucleus, cytoplasm
Maldonado & Otegui, 1997
Polysaccharides
Total insoluble
polysaccharides
PAS (periodic
acid-Schiff)—bf
cell walls, cytoplasm,
amyloplsts
Beardsell et al., 1989; Nepi
et al., 1996; Maldonado &
Otegui, 1997; Nepi et al.,
2003
Starch
IKI (iodine-
potassium-
iodide)—bf
starch grains inside
amyloplasts
Nepi et al., 1996; Stpiczyńska
et al., 2003; Maldonado &
Otegui, 1997
Acid polysac-
charides
ruthenium red—bf
cell walls
Maldonado & Otegui, 1997;
Fahn & Benouachie, 1979;
Stpiczyńska et al., 2003;
Stpiczyńska et al., 2005a
Lipids
sudan III—bf
cytoplasm, lipid drop-
lets
Stpiczyńska et al., 2003
sudan IV—bf
cytoplasm, lipid drop-
lets
Davis et al., 1988; Fahn &
Benouachie, 1979
auramine O—UV
cuticle
Beardsell et al., 1989; Nepi
et al., 1996; O'Brien et al.,
1996; Nepi et al. 2003
Proteins
comassie bril-
cytoplasm, nucleus,
vacuole
Maldonado & Otegui, 1997;
Stpiczyńska et al., 2003;
Stpiczyńska et al., 2005a
liant blue—bf
bromophenol
blue—bf
cytoplasm, nucleus,
vacuole
Nepi et al., 1996;
Phenols
Millons reagents—
bf
vacuole
Sawidis, 1998
Tannins
DMB (dimethoxy-
benzaldehyde)—bf
vacuole
Sawidis, 1998
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