Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
12. David Stuart, quoted in Bowling,
The Creation of Washington,
228. Stuart was a
member of the commission appointed to supervise L'Enfant's planning efforts,
which had frequent conflicts with the imperious designer.
13. Reps,
Monumental Washington,
22-29. Connecticut Representative John Cot-
ton Smith's description of Pennsylvania Avenue in 1800 is quoted on 29.
14. Bayard Smith, quoted in Gutheim,
Worthy of the Nation,
40.
15. Mary Mitchell, “Kalorama: Country Estate to Washington Mayfair,”
Records of
the Columbia Historical Society, 1971-1972
(1973), 164-189; Frances Trollope,
The
Domestic Manners of the Americans
(1827) (Vintage Books, 1960), 231.
16. Donald B. Meyer,
Bridges and the City of Washington
(Washington: Commission
of Fine Arts, 1974), 3-5, 26-34; Netherton et al., Fairfax County, 201-206;
Harrison,
Landmarks of Old Prince William,
547, 565-579; Bowling,
The Creation of
Washington,
118-120; Gutheim,
The Potomac
(reprint: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1986), 252-257.
17. Gutheim,
The Potomac,
44, 45, 256-266; Julius Rubin,“Canal or Railroad: Imi-
tation and Innovation in the Response to the Erie Canal in Philadelphia, Baltimore,
and Boston,”
Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
51 [New Series] (1961),
November, 63-79; Reps,
Monumental Washington,
29; Junior League of Washington,
The City of Washington,
122, 123; Adams, quoted in ibid., 146.
18. The classic interpretation of America's sense of manifest destiny and its impact
on the physical and cultural appropriation of western lands is Henry Nash Smith's
Virgin Land:The American West as Symbol and Myth
(Harvard University Press, 1950).
William H. Goetzmann examined the roles that scientific enterprise, geopolitical
concerns, art, and other contemporary cultural preconceptions played in western
exploration in
Exploration and Empire:The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the
American West
(Knopf, 1966). Recent, more explicitly critical interpretations of the
sources, strategies, and implications of the nineteenth-century concept of manifest
destiny include Patricia Nelson Limerick,
The Legacy of Conquest:The Unbroken Past of
the American West
(Norton, 1987); Richard White and Patricia Nelson Limerick,
The
Frontier In American Culture,
ed. J. Grossman (University of California Press, 1994);
Albert Boime,
The Magisterial Gaze: Manifest Destiny and American Landscape Painting,
c. 1830-1865
(Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991); Peter Bacon Hales,
William H.
Jackson and the Transformation of the American West
(Temple University Press, 1988).
19. Numerous scholars have traced the historical development and cultural signif-
icance of public parks in early- and mid-nineteenth-century America. David
Schuyler explores Downing's career and theories in depth in
Apostle of Taste:
Andrew Jackson Downing, 1815-1852
( Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996) and
