Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
the primary focus centered on treatment.The goals of environmental sani-
tation were no longer regarded as sufficiently broad to deal with the several
confounding problems of waste disposal—or to ensure the purity of a water
supply. Without attempting to change the basic structure of the technolo-
gies of sanitation, experts introduced new methods of water testing and
focused increasing attention on refining treatment technologies. Never in
question, however, was the basic precept of designing permanent, city-wide
sanitary systems; the basic designs originating in the Age of Miasmas were
not substantively changed in the twentieth century. How extraordinary it
was, however, that such significant technical systems as water and waste-
water infrastructure depended so heavily on what proved to be flawed
science.
NOTES
1. Bryan D. Jones, Service Delivery in the City: Citizen Demand and Bureaucratic Rules
(Longman, 1980), 2.
2. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in
Europe and America (Temple University Press, 1988), xiii.
3. Charles E. Rosenberg, The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849, and
1866 (University of Chicago Press, 1987; orig. pub. 1962), 228.
4. Ibid., 7.
5. Ibid., 37, 38, 55-57, 59-62, 135-137.
6. Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (Univer-
sity of Illinois Press, 1980), 114-121.
7. David R. Goldfield, Urban Growth in the Age of Sectionalism:Virginia, 1847-1861
(Louisiana State University Press, 1977), 152, 153, 160; William H. Pease and Jane
H. Pease, The Web of Progress: Private Values and Public Styles in Boston and Charleston,
1828-1843 (Oxford University Press, 1985), 90, 93, 99.
8. Khaled J. Bloom, The Mississippi Valley's Great Yellow Fever Ep idem ic of 1878
(Louisiana State University Press, 1993), 10, 11.
9. Charles-Edward Amory Winslow, The Conquest of Epidemic Disease (reprint:
Hafner, 1967), 266.
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