Database Reference
In-Depth Information
ety of scenarios [42, 100, 63, 33, 34]. A classic example is the
spec mote, which is an extremely small sensor device that can be
embedded in the clothing of a user, while remaining quite unob-
trusive.
Advancement of smartphone technology:
In recent years, there has
been considerable advancement in smartphone technology, which
are now fairly sophisticated devices containing a wide array of
sensors such as GPS, compass, accelerometers, bluetooth capabil-
ities etc. In addition, these are
convergent devices
,withconsider-
able computational capabilities, internet connectivity, and differ-
ent modes of user interaction and content upload, such as social
tweets, ability to record pictures and videos etc. All of these ca-
pabilities create a rich content-based and sensing environment for
a wide variety of applications.
Increased Bandwidth:
Since sensor transmission typically requires
large wireless bandwidth, especially when the data is in the form
of audio or video streams, it is critical to be able to transmit large
amounts of data in real time. The increases in available bandwidth
in recent years, have made such real time applications a reality.
Increased Storage:
In spite of the recently designed techniques for
compressing the data, the storage challenges for stream processing
continue to be a challenge. Recent years have seen tremendous
advances in hardware, which allow much greater storage, than was
previously possible.
Development of Fast Stream Processing Platforms:
Anumberof
fast stream processing platforms, such as the IBM System S plat-
form [187] have been developed in recent years, which are capable
of storing and processing large volumes of streams in real time.
This is a very useful capability from the perspective of typical
cyber-physical applications which need a high level of scalability
for real-time processing.
Development of Stream Synopsis Algorithms and Software:
Since
the volume of the data collected is very large, it often cannot be
collected explicitly. This leads to the need for designing algorithms
and methods for stream synopsis construction [7]. A detailed dis-
cussion of a variety of methods (such as sketches, wavelets and
histograms) which are used for stream synopsis construction and
analysis is provided in [7].
