Wildlife and Anthropogenic Changes in the Arid Southwest - Design with the Desert: Conservation and Sustainable Development - page 184

persist. The dramatic consequences of habitat alteration for riparian systems and the
associated fish fauna indicate the daunting prospects for recovery “after the fact” of habitat
change. Second, mitigation of effects associated with introduced species such as livestock
and non-native fish, and non-native plants should be a priority. In part, this issue is the
most tractable—in the absence of continued support for these introduced forms, the non-
native forms could possibly be controlled. Last, only by continued long-term study as well
as experimental field investigations will we gain insight into the conservation and land
treatment tactics that will serve us well in the coming decades of continued population
growth in the Southwest.
References
1. Jaeger, E.C., The North American Deserts (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1957).
2. Cornett, J.W., Wildlife of the North American Deserts (Palm Springs, CA: Nature Trails Press,
1987).
3. MacMahon, J.A., Deserts (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998).
4. Knowles-Yanez, K., C. Moritz, J. Fry, C.L. Redman, M. Bucchin, and P.H. McCartney, Historic
land use: Phase I report on generalized land use (Tempe, AZ: Central Arizona-Phoenix
Long-Term Ecological Research (CAPLTER), Arizona State University, 1999).
5. Faeth, S.H., P.S. Warren, E. Shochat, and W. Marussich, Trophic dynamics in urban communi-
ties, Bioscience 55: 399-407, 2005.
6. Smith, C., R. Valdez, J.L. Holechek, P.J. Zwank, and M. Cardenas, Diets of native and non-
native ungulates in south-central New Mexico, The Southwestern Naturalist 43: 163-169, 1998.
7. Freese, C.H. and D.L. Trauger, Wildlife markets and biodiversity conservation in North
America, Wildlife Society Bulletin 28: 42-51, 2000.
8. Kareiva, P., S. Watts, R. McDonald, and T. Boucher, Domesticated nature: Shaping landscapes
and ecosystems for human welfare, Science 316: 1866-1869, 2007.
9. Willis, K.J. and H.J.B. Birks, What is natural? The need for a long-term perspective in biodiver-
sity conservation, Science 314: 1261-1265, 2006.
10. Germaine, S.S., S.S. Rosenstock, R.E. Schweinsburg, and W.S. Richardson, Relationships among
breeding birds, habitat, and residential development in greater Tucson, Arizona, Ecological
Applications 8: 680-691, 1998.
11. Roach, W.J., J.B. Heffernan, N.B. Grimm, J.R. Arrowsmith, C. Eisinger, and T. Rychener,
Unintended consequences of urbanization for aquatic ecosystems: A case study from the
Arizona desert, BioScience 58: 715-727, 2008.
12. Crooks, K.R. and M.E. Soulé, Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented
system, Nature 400: 563-566, 1999.
13. Hardy, P.C. and M.L. Morrison, Nest site selection by elf owls in the Sonoran desert, Wilson
Bulletin 113: 23-32, 2001.
14. Horner, M.A., T.H. Fleming, and C.T. Sahley, Foraging behaviour and energetic of a nectar-
feeding bat, Leptonycteris curasoae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), Journal of Zoology 244:
575-586, 1998.
15. Germaine, S.S., R.E. Schweinsburg, and H.L. Germaine, Effects of residential density on
Sonoran desert nocturnal rodents, Urban Ecosystems 5: 179-185, 2001.
16. Stone, E.L., G. Jones, and S. Harris, Street lighting disturbs commuting bats, Current Biology 24:
1-5, 2009.