Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Well or
well field
(A)
Stream
Direction of ground -
water movement
-
-
Aquifer
(B)
Stream
Aquifer
(C)
Stream
W at
er tab
l e
Aquifer
(D)
Stream
Ground-water mound
W
ater
tabl e
Aquifer
FIGURE 4.5
Schematic diagram showing the expected stages of capture of groundwater outflow to a perennial stream.
categorized into three stages. Stage I begins with the cone of depression that develops at
the onset of pumping, locally affecting water stored around the well and not significantly
impacting the reach-scale stream/aquifer system. Stage II begins after a substantial with-
drawal draws down the aquifer sufficiently to create a water-level gradient away from the
stream and floodplain. Finally, after a substantial period of pumping in excess of rate of
groundwater flow from up-gradient areas, surface-water and groundwater systems may
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