Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
No.
Plant species
Scientific name
Property
1
Chinese ixora
Ixora chinensis
Lam.
woody
2
Garden verbena
Verbena hybrida
herbaceous
Dianthus chinensis
3
Rainbow pink
herbaceous
4
Bojers spurge
Euphorbia splendens
woody
7
Kalanchoe
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
herbaceous
5
Scandent Scheffera
Schefflera arboricola
Hayata
.
woody
6
Purslane
Portulaca oloraua
Linn
herbaceous
Codialum variegatum.
7
Croton
woody
Serissa japonica
8
Serissa
woody
9
Garden Canna
Canna generalis spp.
herbaceous
11
French marigold
Tagetes patula
herbaceous
12
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
herbaceous
Table 3. The 12 plant species planted in the central Taiwan used for large area
phytoremediation experiment.
Translocation factor (TF)
#
Plant species
Cr
Cu
Ni
Zn
Chinese ixora
0.41
1.28
0.22
1.40
Garden verbena
0.35
0.64
0.33
2.13
Rainbow pink
0.58
0.78
0.89
1.17
Bojers spurge
0.84
1.44
0.75
1.98
Kalanchoe
0.15
1.31
0.28
--
Scandent Scheffera
0.07
0.84
0.61
--
Purslane
5.06
0.84
0.68
0.72
Croton
0.05
0.38
0.25
--
Serissa
0.40
0.90
0.57
--
Garden Canna
0.61
0.54
0.43
1.35
French marigold
0.18
0.56
0.30
--
Sunflower
0.21
1.39
0.41
3.15
# TF = The ratio of shoot HM concentration to root HM concentration
Table 4. The translocation factor (TF) of 12 plant species after
in-situ
growing in a combined
HMs-contaminated site for one month.
The median and maximum concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the topsoil were used in
this study to calculate the mean and maximum effect of contaminants. The exposure risk
was resulting from the ingestion of contaminated soils (EXP
ing
), inhalation of air containing
contaminated soil particles (EXP
inh
), and absorption by skin (EXP
abs
). Different equations
were used to calculate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of contaminants to the
health of humans (Lai et al., 2011). Where HQ is the hazard quotient and EXP
total
is the sum
of total exposure. There are carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks when the values of HQ
and TR are less than unitary and 10
−6
, respectively. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn
in the topsoil after phytoremediation were estimated by considering the removal of plants.
The results showed that although the study site was contaminated with combined HMs,
there are no carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks (Tables 5 and 6) although some of the
total concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were higher than the SPMSs or SPCSs.
