Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The dissolved oxygen in the reactor is controlled at 20% of saturation with
ambient air.
(a) Assuming the reactor is at steady state, what is the volumetric oxygen
transfer coefficient (
K
La
)?
10
−11
mmole/
(b) If the specific oxygen uptake rate of hybridoma cells is 5
×
cell-hr. What is the cell concentration?
(c) What is the respiratory quotient (R.Q.) (i.e., mole CO
2
produced/mole
O
2
consumed)? The mole fraction of CO
2
in the ambient air is negligible.
0.082F (L atm/moleK).
7.29 Prostaglandin E
2
receptors, subtype EP
1
(PGE
2
EP
1
), have been
linked to sev-
eral physiologic responses, such as fever, inflammation,
and mechanical hy-
peralgesia. Local anesthetics modulate these
responses, which may be due to
direct interaction of local anesthetics
with a PGE
2
EP
1
receptor signaling [15].
The universal gas constant
R
=
7.30
Tetrandrine, a bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the
Chinese medicinal herb
Radix stephania tetrandrae
,
is known to possess a
wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. Situated
at the interface between
blood and muscular media of the vessel,
endothelial cells play a dynamic role
in the regulation of vascular
tone. Endothelial cells are known to lack voltage-
dependent Na
+
or Ca
2+
channels but to exhibit a Ca
2+
entry mechanism that
depends on the electrochemical driving force
and/or Ca
2+
stores. It
has recently
been shown that the vascular tone can be modulated
by either the change of
K
+
concentration in myoendothelial gap junctions or electric spreading of the
membrane potential.
References
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Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,
5th ed.,
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[3]
Shuler, M. L., and F. Kargi,
Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts
, 2nd ed., Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
[4]
Harrison, R. G., et al.,
Bioseparations Science and Engineering,
Oxford, U.K.:
Oxford Uni-
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[5]
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Nature,
Vol. 164, 1949, p. 166.
[6]
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cytes,”
The Journal of Immunology,
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[7]
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,
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