Database Reference
In-Depth Information
14.5 Bibliographic Notes
A review of the scientific progress in (automated) real-world surveillance by
camera systems and which challenges remain to be addressed is given by
Dee
and Velastin
(
2007
), and
Moore et al.
(
2011
) give a more specific example of
the use of video technology for the analysis of crowd flows at mass events. The
“data avalanche” paradigm was used by
Miller
(
2010
). The mobile positioning
methodology, its accuracy, and the complex cooperation with mobile operators
is discussed in
Ahas et al.
(
2008
).
Van der Spek et al.
(
2009
) discusses the use and
added value of GPS tracking in different projects. More details of the Bluetooth
protocol are given in
Peterson et al.
(
2006
). Although Bluetooth tracking is still
somewhat of a peculiarity in the tracking field, there have been some reported
uses in different contexts. One strain of literature focuses onmass events and how
to analyze visitor flows.
Versichele et al.
(
2012
) used the methodology during
the Ghent Festivities (Ghent, Belgium) as a counting methodology but also
performed analyses on the flows, duration of stay, public transport usage, and
so on. A smaller-scale feasibility test was performed during the Donauinselfest
(Vienna, Austria) by
Leitinger et al.
(
2010
).
Stange et al.
(
2011
) measured the
mobility of spectators of a Formula 1 race, and also focused on the spatio-
temporal analysis of crowdedness and flows. Other applications that we can
mention are the collection of vehicle travel time data on a highway segment by
Haghani et al.
(
2010
) and the deployment of mobile Bluetooth sensors in order to
study complex social systems by
Eagle and Pentland
(
2005
). The visualization of
visitor flows in Figure
14.5
is originally inspired by the work of
Tobler
(
1987
).
The third wave of marketing intelligence is discussed by
Burke
(
2005
). The
concept of assocation rule discovery was introduced by
Agrawal and Srikant
(
2002
), and
Bruzzese and Davino
(
2003
) discuss different ways of visualizing
association rules as a means to extract the more interesting rules.
