Biomedical Engineering Reference
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ity of each voxel) and EEG (spatial, temporal, and spectral activity of each channel).
As compared to traditional fMRI, where voxels are analyzed independently of each
other, this approach has the potential to take into account all of the fMRI voxels and
EEG channels jointly.
The physiological basis of coupling between EEG (electrical activity) and BOLD
(hemodynamic or metabolic activity) needs further investigation (and is indeed the
subject of numerous studies). Most of these analysis methods rely on linear models,
and nonlinearity in neuronal dynamics, especially as it relates to the interaction
between EEG and BOLD, needs to be further investigated [96].
Acknowledgments
M. Wagner thanks the editors, Shanbao Tong and Nitish V. Thakor, for the invita-
tion to write this chapter and Manfred Fuchs and Jörn Kastner for helpful comments
and ongoing discussions.
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