Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.5
EEG Patterns Used in Infant Sleep Staging
EEG Pattern
Characteristics
Low-voltage
irregular (LVI)
V), little variation
theta (5 to 8 Hz) predominates
Slow activity (1 to 5 Hz) also present
Tracé alternant (TA) Bursts of high-voltage slow waves (0.5 to 3
Hz) with superimposition of rapid low-voltage
sharp waves (2 to 4 Hz)
In between the high-voltage bursts (alternating
with them) is low-voltage mixed-frequency
activity of 4 to 8 seconds in duration
High-voltage slow (HVS) Continuous moderately rhythmic medium- to
high-voltage (50 to 150
Low-voltage (14 to 35
μ
μ
V) slow waves (0.5
to 4 Hz)
Mixed (M)
High-voltage slow and low-voltage
polyrhythmic activity
Voltage lower than in HVS
Table 10.6
Characteristics of Active and Quiet Sleep
Active Sleep
Quiet Sleep
Indeterminant
Behavioral
Eyes closed
Facial movements: smiles,
grimaces, frowns
Burst of sucking
Body movements: small
digit or limb movements
Eyes closed
No body movements except
startles and phasic jerks
Sucking may occur
Not meeting criteria
for active or quiet sleep
EEG
EOG
LVI, M, HVS (rarely)
REMs
A few SEMs and a few
dysconjugate movements
may occur
HVS, TA, M
No REMs
EMG
Low
High
Respiration
Irregular
Regular
Postsigh pauses may occur
not well defined but usually is possible after age 6 months. After about 3 months, the
percentage of REM sleep starts to diminish and the intensity of body movements
during active (REM) sleep begins to decrease. The pattern of NREM at sleep onset
begins to emerge. However, the sleep cycle period does not reach the adult value of
90 to 100 minutes until adolescence.
Note that the sleep of premature infants is somewhat different from that of term
infants (36 to 40 weeks' gestation). In premature infants quiet sleep usually shows a
pattern of tracé discontinu [20]. This differs from tracé alternant in that there is elec-
trical quiescence (rather than a reduction in amplitude) between bursts of high-volt-
age activity. In addition, delta brushes (fast waves of 10 to 20 Hz) are superimposed
on the delta waves. As the infant matures, delta brushes disappear and tracé alter-
nant pattern replaces tracé discontinu.
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