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Aleksandrov taught at the State Institute for Cin-
ematography from 1950 to 1957. In 1983, he
made the loving, well-received documentary,
Liubov Orlova,
about his wife, who died in 1975.
Aleksandrov died in Moscow.
agreement with the wisdom of the June offensive
advocated by Alexander
KERENSKY
, the minister of
war and driving force of the Provisional Govern-
ment, led to his dismissal. Nevertheless, Alekseev
remained loyal to the Provisional Government
and supported Kerensky in his showdown with
General Lars
KORNILOV
in August 1917. With
Kerensky as commander in chief, Alekseev
agreed to return as chief of staff, but his frustra-
tion with the government's inability to support
the reinforcement of army discipline precipitated
his resignation in October 1917.
Alekseev was detained briefly after the Octo-
ber Revolution but managed to join the rapidly
growing anti-Bolshevik movement in the Don
region in southern Russia. Despite personal dis-
agreements with other generals, such as Kornilov,
Alekseev was instrumental in organizing the Vol-
unteer Army that led the White resistance to the
Bolsheviks during the civil war, which lasted
until 1921. In September 1918 he was elected to
the “Ufa Directorate,” a provisional, anti-Bolshe-
vik government organized by former members
of the constituent assembly. Shortly afterward,
however, he died of a heart attack in the town
of Ekaterinodar.
Alekseev, Mikhail Vasilievich
(1857-1918)
general
One of the most accomplished and hard-working
czarist generals during World War I, Alekseev
played an important role during the brief rule of
the Provisional Government in 1917 and orga-
nized the beginnings of military resistance to the
Bolshevik government. Born in
TVER
into the
family of a military captain, Alekseev attended a
military cadet school and the Moscow Military
Academy, from which he graduated as a com-
missioned infantry officer in 1876. A year later
he fought as a junior officer in the
RUSSO
-
TURK
-
ISH WAR OF
1877-78. Promoted to captain in
1887, he attended the General Staff Academy in
Moscow and graduated with honors in 1890. For
the next 14 years he served in the headquarters
staff in various organizational and instructional
capacities. During the
RUSSO
-
JAPANESE WAR
of
1904-5, he first served with the Second Army in
Manchuria as director of operations with the
rank of major general, before being appointed to
the main administration of the General Staff. In
the years leading up to World War I, his career
continued to develop smoothly; he became chief
of staff of the Kiev military district in 1908 and
commander of the Thirteenth Army Corps in
1912, and chief of staff of the southwestern front
in August 1914, with promotions to lieutenant
general and infantry general along the way.
With
NICHOLAS II
as commander in chief of the
army in September (August) 1915, Alekseev
became chief of staff with the rank of full gen-
eral and effective control over the army's entire
military effort.
Following the czar's abdication in March 1917,
the newly installed Provisional Government
appointed Alekseev commander in chief, a posi-
tion he held until the summer, when his dis-
Aleksei
(ca. 1295-1378)
ecclesiastical leader and regent
A direct descendant of Prince
ALEXANDER NEVSKY
,
Aleksei was an ecclesiastical leader who strength-
ened the Russian Orthodox Church and also
greatly contributed to the continuing emergence
of
MOSCOW
as the preeminent Russian principal-
ity during the second century of Mongol rule.
Aleksei was born in Moscow to a prominent
boyar family. By the middle of the 14th century,
Aleksei was widely respected as a leader in
Moscow, and following the death of Grand
Prince Simeon the Proud (r. 1341-53) Aleksei
was named regent to Simeon's younger brother,
who reigned as
IVAN II
. In 1354 Aleksei was
appointed metropolitan of Moscow, at the time
the highest position in the Russian Orthodox
Church. Following Ivan's death in 1359, a strug-
gle for succession ensued between the supporters
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