Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
drained valuable resources during the remainder
of Ivan's rule. Adashev came from a noble fam-
ily from Kostroma, which was linked to promi-
nent Moscow boyars. He entered government
service in the 1540s and became one of the lead-
ing advocates of policies that reformed the cen-
tral government, strengthening it with regards to
the boyar aristocracy. Adashev was involved in
the preparation of the 1550 Law Code (Sudeb-
nik), military and financial reforms, and the abo-
lition of the system of
kormlenie
(feeding) that
farmed tax collection to local administrators.
Supporter of an active foreign policy in relation
to the Tatar khanates, Adashev directed diplo-
matic preparation of the annexation of
KAZAN
and
ASTRAKHAN
khanates, and directed the engi-
neering work during the siege of Kazan in 1552.
He was one of the officials who laid the diplo-
matic groundwork for the Livonian War, which
would occupy most of Ivan's reign and deplete
much of Muscovy's reserves. In 1559, he negoti-
ated a truce with Livonia, albeit on unfavorable
terms for Russia. Adashev's opposition to the
continuation of the Livonian War and to the
growing influence of the Zakharin clan, relatives
of the czar's wife, were the main reasons behind
his downfall. In late 1560, he was arrested and
jailed in Iurev (Tartu), where he died the follow-
ing year. His brother, Daniil Feodorovich, was
also an influential commander who participated
in the capture of Kazan and, in 1553-54, helped
suppress an insurrection in the Volga region.
After a successful campaign against the Turks
along the Black Sea, he was appointed artillery
commander during the Livonian War. He was
imprisoned with his brother and died in either
1562 or 1563.
casus, the Treaty of Adrianople confirmed Rus-
sian wartime conquests along the eastern coast of
the Black Sea and placed the region of Guria
under direct Russian rule. The Treaty of Adri-
anople also marked the beginning of the loosen-
ing of the Ottoman Empire's control over the
Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Turkey
was to demilitarize the right bank of the Danube
River and withdraw its troops from the principal-
ities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Moldavia, Wal-
lachia, and Serbia were granted special status
within the Ottoman Empire, while Greece was
granted full independence. By the terms of the
treaty, Russia was to occupy the principalities of
Moldavia and Wallachia until Turkey paid its war
indemnities to Russia and to Russian citizens
who had suffered losses during the war.
Afanasiev, Alexandr Nikolaevich
(1826-1871)
ethnographer and folklorist
Afanasiev was born into the large family of an
attorney in Voronezh province, central Russia.
After completing his secondary education stud-
ies in 1844, he passed the difficult entrance
examinations to Moscow University and enrolled
in the law faculty. Upon graduation he secured a
position in the archival department of the Min-
istry of Foreign Affairs in Moscow. His real inter-
ests lay not in jurisprudence but in folklore and
in collecting. It is said that he collected one of the
finest private libraries of its day in
MOSCOW
.In
1860 he journeyed to the West, visiting Ger-
many, Italy, France, Switzerland, and England.
Back in Russia, he was arrested in 1862 and
expelled from his job two years later for his
alleged contacts with an associate of the revolu-
tionary activist and London exile, Aleksandr
HERZEN
. He found new employment with the
Moscow Municipal Court but died of consump-
tion seven years later, an early end to a remark-
ably productive life.
Afanasiev's legacy, like that of the Brothers
Grimm in Germany, is as a compiler of a vast
amount of Russian folktales. He compiled and
classified more than 1,000 tales recorded by
Adrianople, Treaty of
(1829)
Signed on September 14, 1829, the Treaty of
Adrianople, also known as the Treaty of Edirne,
marked the end of the
RUSSO
-
TURKISH WAR
of
1828-1829. Signed by Aleksei Orlov and Feodor
Pahlen on the Russian side, the treaty gave Rus-
sia control of the Danube estuary and opened the
Dardanelles to all commercial vessels. In the Cau-
Search WWH ::
Custom Search