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and his retinue to Finland, from where he reached Petrograd (as St. Petersburg
had been renamed during the war) in April 1917. His “April Theses,” calling for
the overthrow of the Provisional Government and transferring full power to the
Petrograd Soviet, revealed his strategy for the coming months. Also benefiting
from Lenin's consistent condemnation of the war, to which the Provisional
Government still remained committed, the Bolsheviks gained popularity among
workers and soldiers. His calls for revolution resulted in the “July Days,” a pre-
mature attempt to overthrow the Provisional Government, which Lenin felt
compelled to support despite misgivings about its timing. In the ensuing anti-
Bolshevik backlash, Lenin fled to Finland. After the instrumental role played by
workers in defeating the Kornilov mutiny in late August, Lenin renewed his
calls for an uprising, returning secretly to Petrograd in mid-October. Despite sig-
nificant internal opposition, he convinced his party to support an immediate
Bolsheviks on the
street during the
Russian Revolution,
1918
(Library
of Congress)
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