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lowing the disasters of the Russian army through-
out 1915. For the next two years, Yudenich's
armies won important victories in eastern Turkey,
capturing Erzerum in February 1916, Trebizond
in April, and Erzincan in July. Yudenich's career
and reputation benefited from his distant posting
in the Caucasus, far from the political intrigues
and the defeats faced by the Russian army at the
hands of the Germans. By late 1916, however,
the Turkish army was beginning to regroup
while the Russians were facing supply problems
and declining discipline as the political crisis that
brought down the government of
NICHOLAS II
was ripening. He was given command of the
front after the
FEBRUARY REVOLUTION
of 1917, but
was faced with the rapid breakdown of the army
through desertions and war weariness. The Pro-
visional Government relieved him of his com-
mand in April 1917, after which he returned to
Petrograd. Following the
OCTOBER REVOLUTION
later that year, he hid in Petrograd until he was
able to escape to Finland in November 1918.
Based in Estonia, he assumed command of the
White armies in the Baltic region in September
1919. The following month he advanced on Pet-
rograd, reaching the city suburbs before the bet-
ter-equipped Red Army drove his troops back to
Estonia. Defeated, he was briefly interned in
Estonia before emigrating to France, where he
died.
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