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and silver medals. For these achievements the
Soviet sports community made her an Honored
Master of Sports in 1972. Korbut also performed
well at the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, but
she was overshadowed by an equally magnetic
gymnast, the Romanian Nadia Comaneci. Never-
theless, she still led the Soviet team and won an
individual silver medal. With her Olympic career
behind her, she completed studies at the Grodno
Pedagogical Institute in 1977, and the following
year she joined the Minsk Armed Forces team.
With Comaneci, Korbut was one of the gymnasts
whose achievements and charisma raised the
popularity of female gymnastic to new levels.
revolution. Regardless of the real motivation, the
march failed when Kornilov's detachments dis-
integrated under the influence of working-class
and revolutionary propaganda. The pendulum of
Petrograd revolutionary politics now swung
back in favor of the workers and their key allies,
the
BOLSHEVIKS
, who could rightly claim they
had put down an attempt to defeat their revo-
lution. Kornilov was dismissed and imprisoned
for high treason. After the
OCTOBER REVOLUTION
,
he managed to escape and join fellow officers
like General
ALEKSEEV
who were organizing the
Volunteer Army in Novocherkassk in southern
Russia to fight the
BOLSHEVIKS
. After Alekseev's
death in 1918, Kornilov was appointed com-
mander in chief and led the White retreat into
the Kuban region. He was killed in April 1918
while his troops were attacking Ekaterinodar
(now Krasnodar).
Kornilov, Lavr Georgievich
(1870-1918)
general
For a brief moment in the late summer of 1917,
General Kornilov represented the last hope of the
conservative forces in Russia who sought to fore-
stall the rapid disintegration of the Provisional
Government. Kornilov was born near Karaganda
in Russian Kazakhstan, the son of an officer in
the Siberian Cossack Army. He graduated from
the Mikhailovskoe Artillery School in 1892 and
from the Academy of the General Staff in 1898,
and was posted to Central Asia. He fought during
the
RUSSO
-
JAPANESE WAR
of 1904-5, then served
as military attaché in China (1907-11). A brigade
and later division commander during World War
I, he was wounded and taken prisoner by the
Austrians in 1915 but escaped the following year.
As commander of the Petrograd district after the
FEBRUARY REVOLUTION
of 1917, he was ordered by
Alexander
KERENSKY
to put the imperial family
under guard at Tsarskoe Selo. Kornilov was later
appointed commander of the South-Western
front in summer 1917. The events that followed
have remained unclear after many decades. In
late August, Kornilov marched on Petrograd at
the head of his “Wild Division.” Kornilov later
maintained that he had done so on Kerensky's
request; Kerensky insisted that this was an
attempted coup d'état by Kornilov, representing
the last-ditch attempt by conservative and
monarchical Russia to reverse the course of the
Korolenko, Vladimir Galaktionovich
(1853-1921)
writer
A writer of Ukrainian-Polish background who
advocated humanitarian causes and became
known as an energetic opponent of any form of
injustice, Korolenko was born in Zhitomir. His
father was a Ukrainian judge and his mother a
member of the Polish nobility. After completing
secondary education at Rovno, he studied at the
Petersburg Technical Institute (1871) and the
Petrovskaia Agricultural Academy in Moscow
(1874). A member of the
POPULIST
movement,
Korolenko was in frequent trouble with the
czarist authorities during the 1870s and 1880s.
He was expelled from school, arrested, and exiled
several times between 1879 and 1881 to places
like the Russian North, the Urals, and remote
Yakutia (Sakha) in Siberia. In 1885, he was
exiled again to Nizhnii-Novgorod on the Volga. A
journey to the United States to the 1893 World
Exhibition gave him material for the description
of the first mass emigration from Russia to Amer-
ica at the end of the 19th century. His populist
tendencies and moral integrity made him known
and influential among the intelligentsia. Koro-
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