Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
0.3
y = 0.2245x -
0.8571
0.1
-0.1
-0.3
-0.5
-0.7
-0.9
0
1
2
3
4
5
Fig. 3
Kinetic plot of Ln (C
MeOH/
a C
TG
) vs. time for the second order kinetics transesterification
reaction
[ ][ ]
−=
r
0.2245
TG MeOH
·
(mol·L ·min
−
1
−
1
)
TG
Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption
The fossil diesel was mixed with the waste olive oil biodiesel, and blends contain-
ing 5% vol biodiesel were prepared. Also, samples were prepared that contained
5% vol of ethanol to compare the performance of BE-diesel fuel with fossil diesel
and biodiesel-fossil diesel blends. The results of these tests are summarized in
Tables
2
through
4
.
The effect of oxygenated fuels blends on NO
x
emissions is complex and not
conclusive. Cetane number, fuel density and aromatic fuel composition can influ-
ence NO
x
emissions. Many studies indicate that oxygenated fuel blends could cause
slight increases in NO
x
emissions
[17]
. However, in our work the reduction of NO
x
exhaust emissions was significant when using blends of fossil diesel and waste
olive oil biodiesel (−11.7%), and in good agreement with previous results
[13]
. It was
very interesting with ternary blends of BE-diesel (−32.7%) although previous
Table 2
NO
x
Exhaust emissions reduction (%)
Sample
Base fuel
Base fuel + 5% waste olive oil biodiesel
Diesel
0
−11.7
Diesel + 5% vol ethanol
−15.3
−32.7
Table 3
Particulate matter (PM) exhaust emissions reduction (%)
Sample
Base fuel
Base fuel + 5% waste olive oil biodiesel
Diesel
0
−6.1
Diesel + 5% vol ethanol
−13.1
+2.0
