Environmental Engineering Reference
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2400
2000
CO (*0.1)
1600
NOx
1200
COV
800
PM10 (*10)
400
0
Gasoline
passenger
car
Diesel
passenger
cars
GPL
passenger
cars
Light duty
vehicles
Heavy duty
vehicles
Buses
Mopeds Motorcycles
Fig. 2 CO, NO x , COV and PM 10 total emissions from different vehicle classes. (CO emission are
divided by 10, PM 10 are multiplied by 10)
1.4%
8.6%
Euro 0
Euro 1
Euro 2
Euro 3
Euro 4
21.0%
51.5%
17.5%
Fig. 3 CO emissions due to gasoline passenger cars disaggregated for EU Directives
0.2%
5.9%
20.6%
Conventional
Euro 1
Euro 2
Euro 3
Euro 4
4.6%
68.6%
Fig. 4 NO x emissions due to buses disaggregated for EU Directives
mopeds, despite that the percentage of circulating mopeds in Naples municipality
(12.4%) and the average mileage estimates in terms of kilometers per year covered
by this vehicle category (14.1%) turned out lower, compared to other categories
(Fig. 5 ). Two-stroke gasoline engines equipped with carburetor that characterize the
mopeds will produce a raised emission factor (about 13 g/km in urban environ-
ments), justifying such results [8] .
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