Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The next step after the input database is stored in the GIS consists in the calcula-
tion of the road and rail travel times between each i-j pair. These travel times, along
with population destination data, are subsequently introduced in Eq. 1 to obtain
each node accessibility value. Finally, the accessibility values of each origin
centroid are computed and stored in the GIS.
Stage 4: Calculation of climate change effects
The methodology defines a procedure for the assessment of the climate change
effects of transport infrastructure plans. The selected indicator to measure climate
change effects are total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), measured in equivalent
tons of CO2. CO2 emissions are included as indicators for climate change issues in
different environmental indicator list [3] .
The single aggregated value of the location indicator defined above is computed
and the result is translated into the corresponding increases in travel demand with
the use of the range of travel time elasticities [10-12] . The next step consists in
transforming the estimated increase in travel demand into the corresponding
increase in GHG emissions. This estimation has been carried out with version 2.44
of the TREMOVE model [13] . TREMOVE is a policy assessment model designed
to study the effects of different transport and environment policies on the emissions
of the transport sector. Model runs are carried out with the data on induced traffic,
resulting in the corresponding CO2 emissions. The model estimates the transport
demand, the modal split, the vehicle fleets, the emissions of air pollutants and the
welfare level under different policy scenarios. All relevant transport modes are
modeled, including air transport. Maritime transport is treated in a separate model.
TREMOVE models both passenger and freight transport, and covers the period
1995-2020. TREMOVE consists of 21 parallel country models. Each country
model consists of three inter-linked 'core' modules: a transport demand module, a
vehicle turnover module and an emission and fuel consumption module, to which
a welfare cost module and a well-to-tank emissions module is added. Annual CO2
emissions are computed and summed up to calculate total tons of CO2, using the
vehicle-kilometers traveled generated by the TREMOVE transport model per mode
and the information on the national vehicle fleet (drives, car categories and emis-
sion standards).
In the next section, the validity of the above described methodology was tested
by applying it to the Spanish Strategic Transport and Infrastructure Plan (PEIT)
2005-2020.
Results and Discussion
Case Study Description
The Spanish Transport and Infrastructure Strategic Plan 2005-2020 includes an
ambitious extension of the Spanish high capacity land transport networks. The
PEIT network extension includes the construction of 5,000 km of High Capacity
Search WWH ::




Custom Search