Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1 Data comparison between IP6 and A25 pollutants (adapted from [5, 7] )
Pollutants loads (kg/
ha year)
Parameter
Average concentration (mg/L)
SMC (mg/L)
IP6
A25
IP6
A25
IP6
A25
Conductivity
(µS/cm)
384.3
305.1
-
-
-
-
Salinity
183.0
161.0
175.2
266.0
1580.6
2287.2
Chlorides
35.0
51.3
36.5
48.2
329.0
460.8
TSS
235.6
49.3
224.7
44.7
2027.1
427.0
COD
173.2
84.1
195.9
83.0
1766.8
793.2
Zn
0.077
0.194
0.08
0.205
0.69
2.0
Cu
0.032
0.0242
0.03
0.014
0.29
0.13
Pb
0.010
0.0032
0.01
0.005
0.08
0.05
to a certain level of degradation and extraction of the superficial layer of the pave-
ment. Such phenomenon may increase the road pavement potential for environmen-
tal pollution, for example contributing to increase the refractory organic matter
levels.
To provide a consistent answer to the question: “Which are the particular char-
acteristics of road runoff in coastal areas?” and to establish a conceptual model for
coastal roads pollutants are two of the tasks of the project Guidelines for Integrated
Road Runoff Pollution Management in Portugal (Project G-Terra), a 3 years study
that started in January 2008, and is funded by the Portuguese Science and
Technology Foundation. Given the relevance of this issue and the novelty of it, it
will be the subject of a Ph.D. thesis to be developed within the G-Terra project.
The diagram presented in Fig. 1 describes a first approach to the conceptual
processes and the leading variables that could be more relevant in controlling the
phenomena under study. The analysis of G-Terra case studies monitoring results
will permit to select the most relevant variables and processes, and establish math-
ematical/empirical relationships between them.
Among the methodologies that will be used for data analysis, there are simple
and advanced statistical analyses.
Possible correlations among road runoff quality parameters namely, salinity,
chlorides, TSS, CQO, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), total hydrocarbons and oil and
grease and independent variables will be studied. The independent variables belong
to three different groups: (i) rainfall event characteristics; (ii) air masses transport
and salt deposition, and (iii) road site characteristics.
Within the G-Terra 5 case studies, the A25 site monitored by [5] in 2003 and
2004, was chosen as the pilot case study, concerning the effects of atmospheric salt
deposition on highway runoff characteristics. Four monitoring periods are planned
at the A25 site during 2008 and 2009. It is expected to gather data from around 40
different rainfall events, under various climacteric circumstances, and approxi-
mately 300 runoff samples.
Table 2 reports the principal characteristics of the studied site A25 and Fig. 2
shows the location of the area in Portugal, and satellite view of the site. Table 3
 
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