Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Conclusions
This study has presented the state-of-the-art data collection instrumentation and
techniques used to evaluate pollution emissions in real-world driving. It will be used
with proven data analysis procedure to develop a detailed drive cycle representative
or residential refuse collection operation in the city of Madrid.
The emission model will be a very useful tool to compare complete fleet, different
fuels and new technologies: advanced engines and hybrid configurations. The experi-
mental results may lead to the following conclusions:
•
For the diesel vehicle, NO
x
and CO
2
emissions increased with the addition of
biodiesel when the vehicle was operated over the specific driving test. CO, HC
and PM emissions showed an opposite trend.
For the CNG vehicle, NO
•
x
and PM emissions were lower than diesels.
Fuel consumption for the driving cycle was higher as the concentration of
•
biodiesel in the blend increased.
References
1. Nylund N, Erkkilä K, Lappi M, Ikonen M (2004) Transit Bus Emission Study: Comparison of
Emissions from Diesel and Natural Gas Buses: Research Report VTT 2004
2. Walkowicz K, Proc K, Wayne S, Nine R, Campbell K, Wiedermeier G (2003) Chassis
Dynamometer Emission Measurements from Refuse Trucks Using Dual-Fuel
TM
Natural Gas
Engines: SAE Paper No. 2003-01-3366
3. Frey H, Rouphail N, Zhai H, Farias T, Gonçalves G (2007) Comparing real-world fuel
consumption for diesel-and hydrogen-fueled transit buses and implication for emissions:
Transportation Research Part D 12. 281-291
4. Pelkmans L, Debal P (2006) Comparison of on-road emission with emissions measured on
chassis dynamometer test cycles: Transportation Research Part D 11. 233-241
5. Wang W, Gautam M, Sun X, Bata R, Clark N, Palmer M, Lyons D (1993) Emissions
Comparisons of Twenty-Six Heavy Duty Vehicles Operated on Conventional and Alternative
Fuels: SAE Paper No. 932952
6. Ivani Z (2007) Data Collection and Development of New York City Refuse Truck Duty Cycle:
SAE Paper No. 2007-01-4118
7. Tzirakis E, Karavulakis G, Zannikos F, Stournas S (2007) Impact of Diesel/Biodiesel Blends
on Emissions from a Diesel Vehicle Operated in Real Driving Conditions: SAE Paper No.
2007-01-0076
