Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Conclusions
The pH measurements indicate that the rainwater in São Paulo is slightly acidic,
showing 5.4 pH
VWM
values. The heavy metal concentrations in wet and dry deposition
were comparable with others in large cities around the world. In wet deposition, the
metal concentrations follow the order: Cd < Pb < Cu < Zinc. For fine and coarse
dry deposition, higher metal concentrations were observed during nocturnal
periods, associated with the evolution of the stable nocturnal boundary layer and
with the intense vehicular traffic in early evenings. Lead was the predominant metal
in fine particles while copper was found in higher concentrations in coarse particles.
In conclusion, the main transport route to remove heavy metals in São Paulo was
the wet deposition.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de
São Paulo - FAPESP, Mackpesquisa for financial support and CNPq for scholarship (A.P.G.
Fontenele).
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