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2
3
2
3
010001010
010001 1
1
2
1
2
2 0 1
0
4
5
4
5
C ðÞ ¼ U þ
p ðÞ ¼
^
2
100001001
001
2
3
010001 1
4
1
4
100001001
1
2
4
5
C ðÞ ¼
In matricified form, our Tucker tensor P then turns out to be
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
010001 1
4
1
4
100001001
1
2
10
10
01
P ðÞ ¼ U 1 C
ðÞ
ð
Þ
¼
2
4
3
5
010001 1
4
1
2
1
4
P ðÞ ¼
010001 1
4
1
4
100001001
1
2
Hence, the resulting transition probabilities are
2
4
3
5
010
001
1
4
2
4
3
5
100
001
001
P ðÞ ¼ P ðÞ ¼
P ðÞ ¼
,
1
2
1
4
As compared to P , we see that the latter is approximated very well. Indeed, P ðÞ
and P ðÞ for i ¼ 1,2 deviate from each other only in the last row, and for i ¼ 3 they
are even identical. The Frobenius error of our approximation turns out to be
r
3
4
F ¼
P P
0
:
:
87
Similarly, we may also choose a different partition. For example, we obtain for
G 1 ¼ {1,3}, G 2 ¼ {2}
2
4
3
5
1
2
1
2
2
4
3
5
0
010
001
1
2
P ðÞ ¼ P ðÞ ¼
P ðÞ ¼
001
0
,
1
2
0
1
2
1
2
and the approximation error is higher,
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