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T
,
20
02
A ðÞ A ðÞ
¼
and
T
40
00
A ðÞ A ðÞ
¼
:
Hence, U 1 ¼ U 2 ¼ U 3 ¼ I . Since there are multiple eigenvalues in the first two
modes, there is no unique (1,1,2) truncated HOSVD. Instead, any of the subspaces
spanned by e 1 or e 2 are 1-dimensional principal subspaces of both of the matricizations
A (1) and A (2) . Assigning U 1 :¼ U 2 :¼ e 1 yields a core tensor C 11 with entries
c 1 ; 1 ; 1
Þ ¼ 1, c 1 ; 1 ; 2
Þ ¼ 0
:
ð
ð
C with
The remaining three choices give rise to always the same core tensor
entries
c 1 ; 1 ; 1
^
Þ ¼ 1,
^
c 1 ; 1 ; 2
Þ ¼ 0
:
ð
ð
The respectively induced rank-(1,1,2) approximations to A are given by
,
1000
0000
A ðÞ
11 ¼
,
0100
0000
A ðÞ
12 ¼
,
0000
1000
A ðÞ
21 ¼
and
0000
0100
A ðÞ
22 ¼
:
In each case, the approximation error is the same.
The following properties of the HOSVD have been worked out.
Theorem 9.1 (Theorem 2 in [DLDMV00]) The core tensor of a ( rank- n) HOSVD
of A
n satisfies:
R
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