Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 19
ModellingPrimateVisual
Attention
Laurent Itti
University of Southern California, Hedco Neuroscience Building HNB-30A, Los
Angeles, CA 90089-2520, U.S.
CONTENTS
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Brainareas
19.3 Bottom-upcontrol
19.3.1 Visual search and pop-out
19.4 Top-down modulation of early vision
19.4.1 Areweblindoutsideofthefocusofattention?
19.4.2 Attentional modulation of early vision
19.5 Top-downdeploymentofattention
19.5.1 Attentional facilitation and cuing
19.5.2 Influenceoftask
19.6 Attention and scene understanding
19.6.1 Is scene understanding purely attentional?
19.6.2 Cooperation between where and what
19.6.3 Attention as a component of vision
19.7 Discussion
References
19.1
Introduction
Selective visual attention is the mechanism by which we can rapidly direct our gaze
towards objects of interest in our visual environment [2, 4, 5, 18, 26, 35, 52, 53].
From an evolutionary viewpoint, this rapid orienting capability is critical in allowing
living systems to quickly become aware of possible prey, mates or predators in their
cluttered visual world. It has become clear that attention guides where to look next
based on both bottom-up (image-based) and top-down (task-dependent) cues [26].
As such, attention implements an information processing bottleneck, only allowing
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