Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Environmental Aspects Of Organic Farming
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58298
•
Edaphon environment optimisation
•
Intensified recycling and better utilisation of macro and micronutrients, mycorrhiza and
nitrogen fixation
•
Integration of food production and energy (intercrop biogas production, green manure,
stable dung and dung water fermentation prior to their recirculation)
•
Landscape management leading to the biodiversity improvement
•
Improvement of technology and products used for weeds, pests and diseases elimination
(e. g. biological protection, herbal-based pesticides, allelopathy and physical barriers)
•
Animal and plant breeding based on the accent on preservation of indigenous markers for
resistance and multifunctionality and suitability for organic farming
•
Implementation of the precise farming principles into the organic farming systems (auto‐
mation and robotization, use of sensors in crop and livestock production, GPS and IT)
•
Development of new techniques and skills within crop and livestock production that comply
with ecological principles and standards (e. g. intercropping, polycultures...)
Sustainable systems should be more focused on preventive measures (crop rotation, precise
variety selection), biological regulation methods and balance of all factors of crop production.
Similarly, for the conventional farming systems, there can be implemented measures leading
to decrease in their environmental impact. Among the main proecological measures belong:
•
Land use and a company structure optimisation correspondent to a locality
•
Provide maximal species diversity
•
Follow crop rotation principles within cropping patterns
•
Optimization of the share of leguminous plant related to the soil nutrient content balance
and feedstuff need
•
Take into account the weeds and pests damage thresholds for pesticides reduction
•
Use of mechanical, biological and organizational methods within the plant and animal
protection
•
Preservation of good soil structure by the means of timely applied field operations
•
Reduction and modification of technological operations
•
Regular manuring and sweetening
•
Reduction of the area under wide-row crops
•
Preserve the green soil cover as long as possible
•
Use of intercrops, undersowings and green belts
•
Preservation of meadows and pastures in flooded areas and slopping grounds
