Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Flag leaf
Underflag leaf
Cultivar
2008
2009
2010
mean
2008
2009
2010
mean
Bombona
20.3
10.3
11.1
13.9
9.3
8.4
8.9
8.9
Bryza
14.8
11.8
11.7
12.8
8.0
3.6
4.6
5.4
Nawra
13.2
7.9
21.2
14.1
8.8
3.7
16.2
9.6
Parabola
25.2
13.8
27.3
22.1
17.4
3.3
7.9
11.2
Raweta
14.5
4.0
5.3
7.9
8.4
0.3
4.5
4.4
Tybalt
1.3
7.5
1.2
3.3
0
0.8
1.2
0.7
Vinjett
15.7
14.6
8.2
12.8
6.6
1.7
7.1
5.1
Zadra
16.5
12.1
12.1
13.6
7.3
2.6
5.9
5.3
Żura
26.5
13.1
15.6
18.4
14.1
2.2
10.9
9.0
mean
16.4
10.7
12.6
12.7
8.9
3.1
7.5
6.5
Table 18.
The area (%) of flag leaf and underflag leaf infested by pathogens in milk-dough stage in organic system
occurred with similar intensity.
Puccinia recodita
and
Sepptoria
spp were the most common
pathogens in 2010 in all varieties.
These small damage of flag and underflag leaves of spring wheat was due to favorable weather
conditions. The sum of rainfall in June and July was generally lower than in the long-term
average, while the average temperatures were significantly higher than in the long-term
average (Table 12). Such pattern of weather conditions is not conductive to fungal diseases.
The analysis of correlation showed negative correlation between grain yield of spring wheat
and weed infestation parameters at dough stage (Table 19). This correlation was weaker than
that observed for winter wheat (Table 11). There was no significant correlation between grain
yield and stem and leaf infestation by fungal pathogens (Table 19). Significant correlations
between weed infestation and infection by fungal diseases were determined.
The cluster analysis based on grain yield, fungal infestation, weed abundance at dough stage
allowed the division of varieties into 3 groups with similar characteristics (table 20).
The first cluster, represented by Bombona and Parabola, was characterized by the lowest yield,
the highest infestation by fungal pathogens and an average level of weed abundance. In the
second cluster, there were 6 varieties, characterized by high stand density and high number
of ears per unit area, the lowest dry matter of weeds, an average infestation rate by fungal
diseases and average yields. Cv. Tybalt was the only variety in the third cluster with the highest
values for yield, tolerance of fungal diseases and weed infestation.
