Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
The Suitability of Different Winter and Spring Wheat Varieties for Cultivation in Organic Farming
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58351
The differences in weed dry matter in spring wheat cultivated in organic farming were not
statistically significant (Table 15). The competitive abilities of winter wheat varieties against
weeds differ more than those of spring wheat varieties [2, 3, 30]. Bombona and Raweta were
the tallest varieties and they also showed the lowest rate of weed infestation and dry weight
of weeds (77 and 88 plants m -2 , 25 and 28 g m -2 respectively). Cvs. Bombona, Raweta and Vinjett
were also characterized by a big density of plants and number of ears per unit area which could
have resulted in a limited weed growth. Bryza and Tybalt were the most weed infested
varieties (105 and 114 plants m -2 , 44 and 48 g m -2 respectively). Cv. Parabola also showed a
high level of weed dry matter (Table 15). Cvs. Parabola, Tybalt and Nawra were characterized
by the lowest number of ears per m 2 (Table 13).
Weed infestation is one of factors that can limit the yield of spring wheat. In 2008 the level of
weed infestation was so low (less than 10 g m -2 ) that it could not have significantly affected the
yields of spring wheat (Figure 6). Cv. Tybalt, which was one of the least prone to stem and leaf
fungal diseases (Table 17, 18), yielded the highest (6.16 t ha -1 ), whereas the yield of the other
varieties was similar (4.13-4.86 t ha -1 ). In 2009, lower yields were found in those varieties which
were more weed-infested than others (Tybalt, Bryza, Parabola - approximately 80 g of weed
dry matter per 1 m 2 ) (Figure 7). In 2010, weed dry matter did not exceed 60 g m -2 and there
were no significant differences in yield between varieties which may suggest that this level of
weed infestation did not affect the yields (Figure 8). This is confirmed by the research results
of Kapeluszny [31] in which the decrease of wheat yield occurred when weed infestation
reached 96 plants per m 2 (62 g m -2 of dry matter) at dough stage. It is worth noting that cv.
Nawra gave the lowest yields in 2009 and 2010 despite a small weed infestation, indicating
that other factors could have affected the yields of this variety (Figure 7, 8).
7
6
Vinjett
Bombona
Parabola
Tybalt
Nawra
Raweta
Bryza
Zadra
Żura
5
d )
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
dry matter of weeds (g m -2 )
Figure 6. The dependence between weed dry matter and grain yield of spring wheat varieties cultivated in organic
system in 2008
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