Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
3. Nutritional value of legume-cereal mixtures (whole-crop silage and
grain)
The seeds of legumes are significantly different from the grains of cereals. They contain large
amounts of total protein (20 to 40%) and crude fibre and considerably higher amount of
minerals compared to the cereals (mainly P), and small amounts of Ca and vitamins. Legume
protein is deficient in methionine, a very important amino acid affecting its biological value,
but on the other hand, it contains more lysine compared to the cereals. Legume seeds also
contain anti-nutritional substances which cause bitter taste of feed and reduce its digestibility
and the nutrient availability, so their share in the feed ration should be properly adjusted. It
should be noted, however, that as a result of breeding progress there are legume varieties
which do not contain or contain only insignificant amounts of anti-nutritional substances, such
as alkaloids in lupines or tannins in faba beans and fodder peas, which would limit their
feeding.
Cereal species
in mixture
Lupine
share (%)
Total protein
(g·kg -1 )
Crude fibre
(g·kg -1 )
Crude fat
(g·kg -1 )
Crude ash
(g·kg -1 )
P
(g·kg -1 )
K
(g·kg -1 )
40
114
26.2
22.2
20.9
3.5
4.4
Barley
60
131
49.3
25.8
24.8
3.8
5.8
80
139
51.2
27.0
24.6
4.2
5.7
40
152
33.0
23.0
22.7
3.9
5.8
Wheat
60
177
34.8
26.8
22.4
4.3
5.9
80
172
40.0
29.4
24.8
4.0
6.4
40
139
30.6
22.0
24.5
4.2
6.1
Triticale
60
148
39.0
25.1
24.7
4.0
6.2
80
158
46.0
26.2
27.2
4.6
7.3
Table 8. Content of nutrient components and macroelements in mixture seeds depending on spring cereal species
and share of blue lupine [own study]
Growing legume-cereal mixtures significantly enriched feed, especially in protein. High
efficiency of protein was recorded in the mixtures of peas with oats, but in terms of the feed
quality, mixtures of pea with barley or triticale were favorable as well [59, 60, 61]. The results
of the studies on mixtures of peas with barley, oats and wheat have shown that together with
the increase of the share of legume, there was also an increase the concentration of protein in
cereal grains and its share in the mixture yield [62]. The highest yield of protein was obtained
when the share of peas in mixtures with barley and wheat was 75%, and with oats-50%. Our
results confirmed these relationships. Increasing the share of blue lupine in two-species
mixtures with barley, wheat and triticale resulted in an increase in the total protein content in
the yield of mixtures seeds, but the concentration of crude fibre and crude fat has been
increased (Table 8). The highest fat and protein content were found in the mixture of lupine
 
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