Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
4.3.2.5 Organic Polymers and Macromolecules
Functional.macromolecular.compounds.such.as.organic.and.organometallic.polymers.or.organic-
inorganic.hybrid.copolymers.have.been.widely.applied.to.the.chemical.modiication.of.electrode.
surfaces,.most.often.in.the.form.of.ilms.deposited.on.solid.electrodes.[1676].
They.have.also.been.used.to.modify.CPEs.via.two.strategies:.ilm.deposition.onto.the.CPE.sur-
face.or.direct.incorporation.in.the.bulk.of.the.CPE.matrix..They.were.exploited.for.their.intrinsic.
properties.(ion.exchange,.adsorption,.redox/mediator.activity,.electronic.conductivity,.etc.).and.also.
as.protecting.coatings.(permselective.layers,.barriers.to.retain.active.materials.in.or.on.CPE)..They.
are.briely.described.here.according.to.their.particular.features,.leading.to.ive.categories:.chelating.
resins,.ion.exchangers,.permselective.or.protecting.coatings,.redox.polymers,.and.(semi)conducting.
polymers..Some.examples.of.materials.associated.with.CPEs.are.illustrated.in.Figure.4.15),.as.well.
as.some.others..They.are.briely.described.here.
4.3.2.5.1 Chelating Resins and Similarly Functioning Polymers
Synthetic. organic. polymers. bearing. chelating. ligands. or. other. reactive. groups. are. attractive. pre-
concentration. agents.. Those. used. to. modify. CPEs. were. either. resins. containing. N-. and. S-based.
CF
2
CF
2
CF
CF
2
x
y
O
O
O
CF
2
CF
2
CF
S
CF
2
z
OH
SO
3
-H+
SO
3
-H+
O
CF
3
Nafion
Dowex 50 or Amberlite IR-120
n
O
N
+
H
Cl
-
N
N+Cl-
N+Cl-
n
Dowex 1 or 2 and IRA-400
Poly(4-vinylpyridine)
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
CH
3
CH
3
H
OH
O
O
N
O
H
N
H
m
NH
NH
O
H
O
HO
HO
O
O
n
O
O
n
HO
O
O
NH
O
OH
OH
Poly(ethylene glycol)
Poly(ethylene imine)
CH
3
Chitin
CH
3
H
OH
O
N
NH
2
NH
O
N
HO
HO
N
O
O
O
O
H
HO
O
O
n
n
NH
2
OH
OH
Poly(pyrrole)
Poly(aniline)
Chitosan
FIGURE 4.15
Some.examples.of.commonly.used.polymeric.materials.in/on.carbon.paste.electrodes.
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