Introduction - Business and Scientific Workflows - page 8

responsive to business needs, by dynamically reengineering business
processes and reorganizing the ERP components associated with them.
Business analytics (BA) [17] uses quantitative methods to under-
stand what happened and why (descriptive), and what will happen next
(predictive) in business. Business analytics is closely related to multiple
BPM phases in Figure 1.2: data needed in analytics are collected in the
monitoring phase while the results of such analytics are used as
guidance in the improvement phase and eventually reflected in the
design phase.

1.2 OVERVIEWOF STANDARDS

1.2.1 Web Service-Related Standards
Figure 1.3 is a layered architecture of Web service-related standards.
From bottom to top, it consists of different layers such as message,

Programming
model

Management

WS-CDL

BPMN

Composition

WS-BPEL

WS-* family
-addressing
-policy
-security
-resource
-interoperability
-transaction
-...

OWL-S

WSDL

Interface

SOAP REST

Invocation

Discovery

UDDI

Message XML JSON

Figure 1.3 Web service-related standards. XML, Extensible Markup Language; JSON,
JavaScript Object Notation; UDDI, Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration;
SOAP, Simple Object Access Protocol; REST, Representational State Transfer; WSDL,
Web Service Definition Language; OWL-S, Web Ontology Language-Service; WS-BPEL,
Web Services Business Process Execution Language; BPMN, Business Process Modeling
Notation; WS-CDL, Web Services Choreography Description Language; SCA, Service
Component Architecture; and SDO, Service Data Objects.