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With this parallelism identification rule in hand, we can easily
identify the parallel cases and introduce parallel structures through
extending our previous algorithms. Here, the state S related to an action
node is a set of propositions. Especially, input and output parameters are
expressed in the form of know(x) for convenience and scalability, which
represents that the agent knows the parameters of a service. However,
we do not guarantee finding all the parallel situations in the process of
service composition; instead, what we find is similar to one-step parallel
cases. This can be demonstrated by an illustrating scenario, which is
taken from Reference [152]. Given an online shopping scenario, we
need to choose three of the available services, namely, SearchProduct,
OrderProcessing , and AccountQuery . Only input and output parameters
of them are given for simplicity. The input sets of these three services
are { ProductName }, { ProductCode, ProductQuantity }, and { Account-
Number, AccountPassword }, while their output sets are { ProductCode,
ProductPrice, ProductDescription }, { OrderInformation, Payment },
and { AccountBalance }, respectively. The available inputs are { Product-
Name, ProductQuantity, AccountNumber, AccountPassword }.
In Figure 6.5, the activity diagram fragments of service composition
for this example are illustrated. We show three cases. Figure 6.5a shows
previous methods that do not consider parallelism [152-154]. Figure 6.5b
is obtained by using the proposed method. Figure 3 is the ideal solution
for this example, but no existing systematic method can lead to this
solution yet. This solution would be better than Figure 6.5b if the
execution of SearchProduct is faster than that of AccountQuery .
Even though the proposed method neither guarantees to identify all
the parallel situations in the process of service composition, nor leads to
the ideal solution in general cases, the efforts are meaningful to advance
the-state-of-the-art of WSC.
6.5 DEMONSTRATIONS AND RESULTS
6.5.1 WSC Example in PHISP
In PHISP, we can provide personalized customization and active
recommendation of health care services for the general public, which
can be achieved through service composition according to the user's
health status information and personalized demands. Moreover, for
three types of specific diseases, namely, cerebral apoplexy, coronary
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