Java Reference
In-Depth Information
System.out.println("Break out of y loop.\n");
break; // new break statement
}
}
}
System.out.println("\nBreak with No Label:");
outer: // new label
for (int x = 0; x < 3; x++) {// outer loop (x loop)
for (int y = 0; y < 3; y++) { // inner loop (y loop)
System.out.println("x = " + x + " and y = " + y);
if (x == y) { // same conditional expression
System.out.println("Break out of both loops.\n");
break outer; // new break statement with label
}
}
}
}
}
9.
Save the class by clicking the disk icon or selecting File, then Save.
10.
Run the application by clicking the green play icon or selecting Run, and then Run.
How It Works
Now take a look at how it works.
1.
The application begins by executing the
main
method, which in this case is the only method.
2.
The first statement outputs a line of text to the console indicating that the first set of
for
loops are
being executed. They do not include any
break
statements.
3.
The nested
for
loops iterate through nine times. During each iteration, the current values for
x
and
y
are printed to the console. This is how a standard nested
for
loop iterates: First, in the outer
loop,
x
= 0
and the inner loop will iterate
for
y
= 0
,
y
= 1
, and
y
= 2
. When
y
= 3
, the condi-
tional expression on the inner
for
loop
(3 < 3)
will evaluate to
false
, so the inner
for
loop ends
and the outer
for
loop iterates to
x
= 1
. Again, the inner
for
loop will iterate for
y
= 0
,
y
= 1
,
and
y
= 2
. When
y
= 3
, the conditional expression is
false
again and the inner loop ends. The
outer
for
loop iterates again to
x
= 2
, and the inner
for
loop cycles through three values for
y
again. Finally, when
x
= 3
, the conditional expression on the outer
for
loop will be evaluated as
false
and both
for
loops will end. You can see each of these iterations printed to the console.
4.
Another statement is then printed to the console, indicating that the second set of
for
loops will be
executed with a
break
statement. The program proceeds to the next nested
for
loops.
5.
The second set of nested
for
loops iterates through only six times. During each iteration, the cur-
rent values for
x
and
y
are printed to the console. When the
break
statement is encountered,
another line is output to the console indicating the break. This is how nested
for
loops with a
break
statement iterate: First, in the outer loop
x
= 0
and in the inner loop
y
= 0
. These values
are printed to the console and then the program checks if
x
equals
y
. Since
0 == 0
is
true
, there is
a line printed to the console and the
break
occurs. This breaks from the inner loop and proceeds to
the next outer loop iteration. In the outer loop
x
= 1
and in the inner loop
y
= 0
again; these are
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