Environmental Engineering Reference
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n
=
∑
R R M U
=
[]
PU
,
[2.8]
S
i i
i
=
1
where
U
1
,...,
U
n
are possible values for accidental damage to a nuclear fuel
cycle facility during its life cycle;
p
1
,...,
p
n
is the likelihood that accidental
damage from machinery during the life cycle takes the values of
U
1
,...,
U
n
,
respectively.
In general, the number of possible values of the damage components of a
complete group of events is infinite. Since the accidental damage caused by
the object is a consequence of random adverse events with the object, then:
n
=
∑
R
pU
,
[2.9]
S
i i
i
=
1
where
p
i
is the probability of the
i
i-th adverse event in the life cycle of a
nuclear facility;
U
i
is the damage as a result of the
i
-th adverse event at the
facility;
n
is the number of possible adverse events at the facility.
Obviously, the proposed generalised index is the sum of risks
R
i
of
adverse events which can occur at the site of the nuclear cycle in the
complex:
n
=
∑
R
R
,
[2.10]
S
i
i
=
1
where
R
i
= p
i
U
i
is the risk to the life support of a nuclear facility due to the
possibility of
i
i-th event (the risk of the
i
-th event).
Treating certain risks of a technical system in the broadest sense, the
adverse event to the object of the nuclear cycle is any accidental event
that results in damage. Any random deviation in the normal functioning:
malfunction of an element, failure, disruption or destruction of an object
- requires certain expenditure, i.e. damages and, strictly speaking, is the
adverse event. Problems associated with risk, malfunction and failure of
the nuclear cycle facility, differ from the problems of risk at the sites of
the traditional technosphere. The danger from traditional technosphere
objects is determined only by failure of the object itself, injuries of staff
and operators and is not directly connected with the loss of human life
and health and considerable environmental and material damage at a large
distance from the object.
Hazardous events caused by the presence at a nuclear facility of fission
materials and radioactive substances can be defined as nuclear and radiation
hazardous events. According to this, the index containing the sum of risks
expressed by [2.7]-[2.9] for only such events becomes an integral indicator
of nuclear and radiation hazardous hazards of the nuclear cycle facility.
A list of the dangerous events and, accordingly, the content of the
indicator of hazard of special machinery significantly differs for different
types of objects - nuclear power plants, nuclear and conventional munition,
objects in rocket and PSAce technology. The list is determined on the
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