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4. At the end of this algorithm we obtain a path-term f(t RA ) , where f is a path
of unary operations (different from _
), with the unique leaf t RA
T RA X : this path-term is represented in RA by the arrow f
a,name,e
f(t RA ) .
This algorithm above defines the normalization function Nrm
t RA
:
: T RA X
Mor RA .
5.2.2 RA versus DB Category
As we have demonstrated, all the terms of the “select-project-join+union” (SPJRU)
Σ R algebra which is used to define the views q( x ) (introduced in basic database
concepts, Sect. 1.4 ) and basic SOtgds in the inter-schema database mappings (in-
 
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