A Sense of Design: The Embedded Motives of Nature, Culture, and Future - Principia Designae: Pre-Design, Design, and Post-Design - page 42

Table 4.1 Relationships among phases of design, senses, motivations, social motives, and
expected innovation types

Initialized driving force of creativity
(motivation)

Type of
innovation Phase Sense Social motive

Pre-Design Nature Ego, Needs, Goal-setting Sustainability Counter-

production

Design Culture Self-organization, Originality Openness Social

networking

Post-Design Future Deep emotion, Deep thinking Commitment Ethics,

Discourse

4.1.3 Meaning of Design Creativity

To develop the discussion on “design creativity” regarding a new design para-
digm—which overlaps with the scope of this topic—that includes Pre-Design,
Design, and Post-Design phases, the meaning of “design creativity” must be
carefully defined. This chapter employs the term “design creativity” to express,
from a design perspective, the creative features of human cognitive processes and
the creative process in society.
Theories on past and present uses of artifacts (including art) are reviewed
considering the relationship between the senses. Additionally, my recent short
message on the meaning of design for the future highlighted critical issues with
regard to design creativity and innovative research (Editorial Board of IJDCI 2013 ) .
These issues are expanded in this chapter by emphasizing critical differences
between conventional and advanced design. A main claim of my short message
was the importance of a renewed design theme (motive), which should be generated
to change the meaning of design. This chapter develops that claim by considering
the relationship between socially and personally motivated design in order to
expand ideas (inner criteria) with regard to future design. Based on this discussion,
the latter part of this chapter takes on a future-oriented perspective.
There are also large gaps between the Design and Post-Design phases. The
unfortunate situation that has caused conventional design is discussed in the next
section. Recognizing the seriousness of the situation will lead to great changes in
the social motives of the Pre-Design phase from a nature perspective. Following
this, a psychological approach to the cognitive link between happiness and creative
activity is discussed in the next section. This represents the meaning of creation,
which is distinct from the limited method of conventional design. To resolve the
conflicting outcomes of design, a renewed design theme (motive) should be gener-
ated as a social motive of design. Regarding the previous message, the following
critical issues are discussed to explain social motives in this chapter.