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phase, in which creativity is required. Because of a number of restrictions like time
and cost pressure all the creative steps should be goal oriented. Along the ongoing
process this point is of increasing importance!
A large number of methods are claiming to support creativity especially in
problem solving and finding/generating innovative solutions. A lot of empirical
research has been done regarding efficiency and effectiveness. Most of the research
is suffering under the problem of measuring the outcome!
At the end of this phase the documentation of the solution/product as input for
production and purchasing as well as use, maintenance, recycling etc. is available.
2.4.3 Support for Getting from Solutions/Products to Society
Engineering design has to follow up the acceptance and use of solutions/products
within society because of risk management reasons. But usually the further
improvement, upgrading and learning for the generation of solutions/products
are drivers.
Creativity in this phase is necessary to improve sales and services as well as
doing the ongoing perfective maintenance in an adequate way. Generating the
important lessons learned as far as these may be of importance in future business
requires also some kind of creativity in selection.
2.5 Generic Procedure for Creating Solutions/Products
Within all the main-phases described in the above chapter the creation of specific
results is required. The suggested procedure is similar to the problem
solving procedure, as described in the MPM, the Munich Procedural Model
(Lindemann
2009
). Looking at the specific points of supporting creativity and
based on experience out of a large number of case studies there are a number of
steps that usually occur:
1. Recognize a situation that requires attention beyond routine (similar to (Badke-
which could benefit from creativity.
2. Understand the situation/problem up to a sufficient level based on question-
naires, cause-effect analysis, and discussion (also with ourselves), stories etc.!
The context information, important interdependencies and an adequate level of
transparency are required! Because of required experience to judge about the
“right” level of information on one side and the ambivalence of experience itself
on the other side usually iterations will be necessary. Different perspectives like
views of stakeholders, competitors, legislation, customer/user may support the
overall understanding.
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